Silicon in Polymer Synthesis

ISBN-13: 9783642791772 / Angielski / Miękka / 2014 / 497 str.

H. R. Kricheldorf; C. Burger; W. R. Hertler

Opis

Silicon in Polymer Synthesis gives the first concise overview of silicon used for the synthesis and modification of polymers. The first section gives an introduction to the topic. The subsequent chapters detail the current status both from the basic research as well as from the industrial application points of view.

Spis treści

1 Polymerization of Si-Containing Vinyl Monomers and Acetylenes.- 1.1 Si-Containing Styrenes.- 1.1.1 Radical Polymerizations.- 1.1.2 Anionic Polymerizations.- 1.2 Various Vinyl Monomers.- 1.2.1 Vinyl Silanes.- 1.2.2 Allyl Silanes.- 1.2.3 Methacrylates and Fumarates.- 1.2.4 Vinyl Ethers.- 1.2.5 1,3-Dienes.- 1.3 Polymerizations of Si-Containing Acetylenes.- 1.4 Silylated Acetylenes in Condensation Reactions.- 1.4.1 Stepwise Syntheses of Oligomers.- 1.4.2 Acetylene-Terminated Oligomers.- 1.4.3 Polycondensations.- 1.5 Silicon-Containing Initiators and Catalysts.- 1.5.1 Initiators of Radical Polymerizations.- 1.5.2 Initiators of Cationic Polymerizations.- 1.5.3 Ziegler-Natta Catalysts and Related Systems.- 1.5.4 Polymerizations on Silica or Silicate Surfaces.- 1.6 References.- 2 Group Transfer Polymerization.- 2.1 The GTP Process.- 2.2 Mechanism.- 2.3 Catalysis.- 2.3.1 Nucleophilic Anions.- 2.3.2 Lewis Bases.- 2.3.3 Lewis Acids.- 2.3.4 Zeolytes.- 2.3.5 Mercuric Iodide.- 2.3.6 High Pressure.- 2.4 Initiators.- 2.4.1 Functional Initiators.- 2.4.2 Difunctional Initiators.- 2.4.3 Other -Silyl Ketene Acetal Initiators.- 2.4.4 Macroinitiators.- 2.4.5 Other Silicon-Containing Initiators.- 2.5 Monomers.- 2.5.1 ?, ?-Unsaturated Esters.- 2.5.2 Monomers with Protected Functional Groups.- 2.5.3 Other Monomers.- 2.5.4 Difunctional Monomers.- 2.5.5 Macromonomers.- 2.6 Termination.- 2.7 Aldol-GTP.- 2.8 Conclusions.- 2.9 References.- 3 Polysiloxanes and Polymers Containing Siloxane Groups.- 3.1 Polysiloxanes.- 3.1.1 Definition.- 3.1.2 Synthesis of Polydiorganosiloxanes.- 3.1.3 Chemical Properties of Polydiorganosiloxanes.- 3.1.4 Physical Properties of Polydiorganosiloxanes.- 3.1.5 Polydimethylsiloxanes with Functional Groups.- 3.2 Polysiloxane Copolymers.- 3.2.1 Fundamental Principles.- 3.2.2 Siloxane-Alkylene Oxide Copolymers.- 3.2.3 Polysiloxane-Polyester Copolymers.- 3.2.4 Polysiloxane-Polysulfone Block Copolymers.- 3.2.5 Polysiloxane-Polyimide, -Polyamide, -Polyurea and Polyurethane Copolymers.- 3.2.6 Polysiloxane-Polyalkene Copolymers.- 3.2.7 Polysiloxane-Polyalkine Copolymers.- 3.2.8 Polysiloxane-Silylarylene Copolymers.- 3.2.9 Polydimethylsiloxane-Polydiphenylsiloxane and Polymethylphenylsiloxane Copolymers.- 3.3 Polysiloxanes Forming Mesophases.- 3.3.1 Mesomorphic Polysiloxanes with Alkyl and Aryl Substituents.- 3.3.2 LC-Polysiloxanes Containing Mesogens-Syntheses.- 3.3.3 LC-Polysiloxanes Containing Mesogen-Modifications.- 3.3.4 LC-Main Chain Polymers.- 3.3.5 LC-Polysiloxanes with Pendant Mesogens.- 3.3.6 Liquid Crystalline Siloxanes Networks.- 3.3.7 Complex Structures.- 3.4 References.- 4 Poly(organosilanes), Poly(carbosilanes), Poly(organosilazanes).- 4.1 Poly(organosilanes).- 4.1.1 Preparation of the Raw Materials.- 4.1.2 Preparation of Poly(organosilanes).- 4.1.3 Chemical Properties of Poly(organosilanes).- 4.1.4 Physical Properties of Poly(organosilanes).- 4.1.5 Applications of Poly(organosilanes).- 4.1.6 Toxicological Properties of Poly(organosilanes).- 4.2 Poly(carbosilanes).- 4.2.1 Preparation of Poly(carbosilanes) with Alternating Silicon and Carbon Atoms.- 4.2.2 Reactions of Poly(carbosilanes).- 4.2.3 Poly(carbosilanes) with Longer Carbon Chains.- 4.2.4 Poly(carbosilanes) with Acetylene Groups in the Chain.- 4.2.5 Silane Dendrimers.- 4.2.6 Poly(carbosilanes) with Phenyl Groups in the Chain.- 4.3 Poly(organosilazanes).- 4.3.1 Preparation of Cyclic, Low-Molecular Weight Poly(organosilazanes) as Starting Material for the Preparation of Polymeric Poly(organosilazanes) by the Ammonolysis of Dichlorodiorganosilanes.- 4.3.2 Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Poly(organosilazanes)..- 4.3.3 Deaminization/Condensation Reaction Through the Thermolysis of Silylamines.- 4.3.4 Preparation of Poly(organosilazanes) by the Equilibration Reaction of ?Si—Cl— with Compounds Containing ?Si—N=.- 4.3.5 Preparation of Poly(organosilazanes) by Polycondensation of ?SiH— and = N—H-Containing Oligomeric Poly(organosilazanes).- 4.3.6 Chemical Properties of Poly(organosilazanes).- 4.4 Poly(carbosilazanes).- 4.5 References.- 5 Polycondensation of Silylated Monomers.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Polyureas and Related Polymers.- 5.3 Polyamides.- 5.4 Polyimides.- 5.5 Polybenzoxazoles.- 5.6 Aromatic Polyethers.- 5.7 Polyesters.- 5.8 Polyanhydrides.- 5.9 Phosphorus Containing Polymers.- 5.10 Miscellaneous Polymers.- 5.11 References.- 6 Miscellaneous Applications of Silicon Reagents.- 6.1 Difunctional Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates.- 6.1.1 Introduction.- 6.1.2 Difunctional Isocyanates via Trimethylsilylazide.- 6.1.3 Synthesis and Reactions of Isocyanato-and Isothiocyanato Carboxylic Acid Chlorides.- 6.2 Syntheses of N Carboxyanhydrides, Polypeptides and Polyamides.- 6.3 Silicon in Ring-Opening Polymerization.- 6.3.1 Silicon-Containing Monomers.- 6.3.2 Silicon-Containing Initiators.- 6.3.3 Si-Containing Terminators.- 6.4 Various Polymerizations and Polymers.- 6.5 References.- 7 Chemical Modification of Polymers and Surfaces.- 7.1 Coupling Agents-Introduction and Syntheses.- 7.1.1 Introduction.- 7.1.2 Syntheses of Coupling Agents.- 7.2 Application of Coupling Agents in Composites.- 7.2.1 Aqueous Solutions of Coupling Agents.- 7.2.2 Structure of the Interlayer and Performance of Composites.- 7.3 Coupling Agents for Chromatography, Immobilization of Metal Ions and Enzymes.- 7.3.1 Charge Transfer and Ligand-Exchange Chromatography.- 7.3.2 Binding of Metal Ions.- 7.3.3 Immobilization of Enzymes and Other Proteins.- 7.4 Surfactants and Analysis of Silanized Surfaces.- 7.4.1 Surfactants.- 7.4.2 Analysis of Silanized Surfaces.- 7.5 Miscellaneous Modification.- 7.5.1 Silylation of Polysaccharides.- 7.5.2 Chemical Modification of Poly-enes and Poly-ynes.- 7.5.3 Chemical Modification of Various Polymers.- 7.6 References.- Appendix A.- Silicon-Based Thermoset Resins.- Appendix B.- Silylation and Silylating Agents.

O autorze

The use of silicon in polymer synthesis has many advantages over other methods and is therefore common in many industrial and university laboratories. That the authors come from the industry and from the universities guarantees a concise overview on the current status of the topic.