Seawater Intrusion in the Coastal Alluvial Aquifers of the Mahanadi Delta

ISBN-13: 9783319665108 / Angielski / Miękka / 2017 / 112 str.

Prakash Chandra Naik

Opis

This book aims to clarify the issue of groundwater in coastal saline environment management. It serves as a reference to scientists, engineers, and decision makers who might use it to improve resource management practice and cooperation in the delta region. It specifically covers the nature and extent of the aquifers in the coastal saline tract of Mahanadi Delta, India. The book scientifically delineates and classifies the aquifers, illustrates the geology, hydrogeology, geomorphology, geophysics, geometry, and water quality of the different aquifers, and explores the nature and extent of seawater intrusion in the different aquifer systems.

Spis treści

1. Introduction.

1.1 General

1.2 Location of the Study Area

1.3 Climate and Rainfall

1.4 Drainage

1.5 Previous Work

1.6 Present Work

2. General Geology

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Mahanadi Delta

2.2.1 Geology

2.2.2 Environment of Deposits

2.2.3 Geomorphology

2.2.4 Land-Use

2.2.5 Soil

2.2.6 Evolutionary History

2.3 Study Area

2.3.1 Geomorphology, Land-Use and Soil

2.3.2 Geology and Stratigraphy

3. Hydro-Geomorphology

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Geomorphic Regions

3.2.1 Upper and Lower Deltaic Plains

3.2.2 Older and Younger Coastal Plains

3.3 Geomorphic Landforms

3.3.1 Beach

3.3.2 Beach Ridges

3.3.3 Swale

3.3.4 Beach Ridges and Swales Complex

3.3.5 Palaeo-Channel

3.3.6 Buried Channel

3.3.7 Back Swamp

3.3.8 Channel Bar

3.3.9 Channel Island

3.3.10 Migrated River Course

3.3.11 Natural Levee

3.4 Conclusion

4. Borehole Geophysics

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Resistivity Logging

4.3 Spontaneous Potential Logging

4.4 Analysis Procedure

4.5 Correlation of Resistivity and Water Quality

4.6 Geophysical Logging in the Area

4.7 Depth Slicing

4.8 Conclusion

5. Hydrogeology

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Salt Water - Fresh Water Relationship

5.3 Lithology

5.4 Hydraulic Properties of the Aquifers

5.5 Panel Diagram

5.6 Classification of Aquifer Systems

5.6.1 Shallow Aquifer System

5.6.2 Deep Aquifers

5.7 Water Levels

5.7.1 Long-Term Trend

5.7.2 High Frequency Water Levels

5.7.3 Spectral Analysis

5.8 Well Design Aspects

5.9 Summary

6. Water Quality

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Sample Collection

6.3 Chemical Analysis

6.3.1 Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH)

6.3.2 Electrical Conductivity (EC)

6.3.3 Total Dissolve Solids (TDS)

6.3.4 Total Hardness

6.3.5 Turbidity

6.3.6 Total Alkalinity

6.3.7 Carbonate and Bicarbonate

6.3.8 Chloride

6.3.9 Sulphate

6.3.10 Nitrate

6.3.11 Fluoride

6.3.12 Calcium

6.3.13 Magnesium

6.3.14 Sodium

6.3.15 Potassium

6.3.16 Iron

6.4 Long-Term Trend

6.5 Statistics

6.5.1 Mean, Median and Mode

6.5.2 Skewness and Kurtosis

6.6 Inter-Parameter Relationship

7. Hydro-Geochemical Evaluation

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Water Characterisation

7.2.1 Collin's Bar Diagram

7.2.2 Stiff's Pattern Diagram

7.2.3 Piper Diagram

7.2.4 Durov Diagram

7.3 Quality for Drinking Water

7.3.1 Drinking Water Quality Standard

7.3.2 Comparison of Analysis Results

7.3.3 Identification of Potable Water Zones

7.4 Quality for Irrigation

7.4.1 Chloride and Sulphate

7.4.2 U.S. Salinity Diagram

7.4.3 Wilcox Diagram

7.5 Conclusion

8. Summary and Conclusion

9. References

10. Index

O autorze

Dr. Prakash Chandra Naik is an Indian School of Mines (ISM), Dhanbad, India alumnus. He was awarded a PhD at Utkal University for his work on groundwater in the coastal saline environment. As a student at ISM, he worked on the dam foundation rock problem of the Hasdeo - Bango Dam site, Chhattisgarh. As a CSIR fellow, he worked on structural analysis of the Chitradurga Schist Belt, Karnataka. In total, he has more than 20 years of experience in the study of the saline-fresh relationship of groundwater in the saline coastal tract of Mahanadi Delta. In addition, he has worked as a groundwater expert in Hydrology Project funded by the World Bank and has played a crucial role for in the collection, standardization, processing, storage, and dissemination of groundwater data in India; he has developed software for the processing of high frequency time series data. He was also a member of the technical team for the establishment of Hydrological Information System (HIS) in India and is the principal contributor of the popular groundwater software GWDES. Currently, he is associated with the planning, monitoring, and design of drinking water supply projects in Odisha.