Safety Evaluation in the Development of Medical Devices and Combination Products

ISBN-13: 9781420071641 / Angielski / Twarda / 2008 / 504 str.

Shayne C. Gad; Marian G. McCord

Opis

Capturing the growth of the global medical device market in recent years, this practical new guide is essential for all who are responsible for ensuring safety in the use and manufacture of medical devices. It has been extensively updated to reflect significant advances, incorporating combination products and helpful case examples of current real-life problems in the field. The Third Edition explores these key current trends:

• global device markets
• continually advancing technology
• the increasing harmonization of device safety regulation worldwide

Each aspect of safety evaluation is considered in terms of International Standards Organization (ISO), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Union (EU), and Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) perspectives. In addition, the book reflects the role of the continuing growth of technology in the incorporation of science, particularly in the areas of immunotoxicology and toxicokinetics.

Recenzje

“....Discuss[es]...highly relevant case histories...the quantity of practical information...makes this book very worthwhile.”
– Instrumentation Science and Technology (prior edition)

Spis treści

1. Introduction. I. Biocompatibility. II. Scope of Devices and the Medical Device Market. III. History. IV. Regulatory Considerations for NGO’s and Secondary Regulators. 2. Regulatory Aspects and Strategies in Medical Device and Biomaterials Safety Evaluation. I. Regulatory Basis. II. Toxicity Testing: Medical Devices. 3. Road Map to Test Selections. I. Key concepts. II. Conditions of use. III. Materials, components, and products. IV. Prior knowledge. V. Types and Uses of Tests. 4. Materials in Medical Device Design. I. Introduction. II. Metals. III. Ceramics. IV. Polymers. V. Nanomaterials. 5. What to Test: Sampling and Sample Preparation. I. Sampling. II. Randomization. III. Sample Preparation. IV. Reference Materials. V. Conclusion. 6. Cytotoxicity Testing. I. Background. II. Cytotoxicity assays. III. Conclusion. 7. Hematocompatibiity. I. Introduction. II. Standard tests. III. Interpretation. IV. Specific Concern. V. Conclusion. 8. Local Tissue Tolerance. I. Dermal irritation. II. Ocular irritation testing. III. Other Nonparenteral Route Irritation Tests. IV. Parenteral Irritation/Tolerance. V. Parental Routes. VI. Intracutaneous Irritation. VII. Pyrogenicity. VIII. Problems in Testing (and Their Resolutions). 9. Immunotoxicology. I. Overview of the Immune System. II. Evaluation of the Immune System. III. Local Lymph Node Assay. III. Approaches. IV. Problems and Future Directions. 10. Implantation Biology and Studies. I. USP implantation Test. II. ISO 10993 Implantation Test. III. Test Method for Implantation in Subcutaneous Tissue. IV. Test Method for Implantation in Muscle. V. Test Method for Implantation in Bone. VI. Controls Materials. VII. Long-term Implant Studies. VIII. Considerations. 11. Acute Systemic Testing. 12. Genotoxicity. I. DNA structure. II. Mutagenicity. III. Cytogenetics. IV. In Vitro Cytogenetic Assays. V. In Vivo Cytogenetic Assays. VI. Sister Chromatid Exchange Assays. 13. Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity and Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity. I. Objectives. II. Regulatory considerations. III. Parameters to measure. IV. Histopathology. V. Study Interpretation and Reporting. VI. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity. 14. Carcinogenicity. I. Animal models. II. Dose Selection. III. Interpretation of Results. 15. Degradation Products and Impurties. I. Introduction. II. Metals. III. Ceramics & Glasses. IV. Polymers. V. Effects of Sterilization. VI. Heavy Metals. 16. Combination Products. I.Combination Products. II. Principal Mode of Action (PMOA). III. Testing to serve two or more Regulatory Masters. 17. Clinical Studies for Medical Devices. I. Design considerations. II. Epidemiology. III. Conclusion. 18. Special Studies. I. Cardiovascular Devices and Prostheses. II. Tampons. III. Contact Lenses and Their Solutions. IV. Thrombogenicity. V. Twenty-One-Day Eye Irritation Study in Rabbits. VI. Systemic Injection Test. VII. Production of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1). VIII. In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Potential Tampon Materials on PH And Growth of Vaginal Microflora. IX. Inflammatory Response to Biomaterials. 19. Toxicokinetics 20. Case Histories and Problem Resolution I. DEHP in devices. II. Dalkon Shield. III. Talc on Gloves and Condoms. IV. Toxic Shock Syndrome. V. Latex Allergy. VI. Silicone in Devices. VII. Drug Coded Stents. VIII. Antimicrobial Catheter. IX. Problem Solving. X. Risk Assessments. XI. Conclusion.