Respiratory Function in Birds, Adult and Embryonic: Satellite Symposium of the 27th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, Paris 1977, Held

ISBN-13: 9783642668951 / Niemiecki / Miękka / 2011 / 312 str.

Johannes Piiper

Opis

This volume contains the papers presented at the sympo sium on Respiratory Function in Birds, Adult and Erribryonic held in Gottingen, July 28-30, 1977. Some of the manuscripts represent. the papers as delivered, while others are con siderably abridged or extended. An essential part of the symposium was discussion at all levels, from formal discussion remarks with slides to dialogs at the lunch table with scribble on paper napkins. However, no at tempt was made to reproduce any part of the discussion. The symposium was attended by 75 scientists, of varied specializations (physiology, anatomy, zoophysiology, ecology, veterinary science), but all actively engaged in research related to some aspects of avian respira tion. The aim of the meeting was to survey critically the present knowledge in avian respiration and related areas in order to provide a basis for future research. Due to the limited time available and to the restricted number of invited attendants, not all relevant topics could be given the attention they deserved, but a se lection had to be made. A particular emphasis was given to the following aspects of avian respiration; (1) phylo genetic relationships, (2) structure and function of lungs, (3) mechanisms of adjustments to changes in en vironment and physiological status, (4) respiration during the embryonic period."

Spis treści

Session I: Evolutionary Relationships: from Reptiles to Birds and Mammals Chairman: K. Johansen.- General Morphological Principles of Amniotic Lungs.- Ventilation Mechanisms: Problems in Evaluating the Transition to Birds.- Lung Surfactant and Lung Lining in Birds.- Intrapulmonary Carbon Dioxide-Sensitive Receptors: Amphibians to Mammals.- Circulation: a Comparison of Mammals, Reptiles and Birds.- Mechanisms Controlling the Oxygen Affinity of Bird and Reptile Blood: a Comparison Between the Functional Properties of Chicken and Crocodile Hemoglobin.- Session II: Adjustments to Changes in Oxygen Availability and Requirement: Hypoxia, Diving, Flight Chairman: K. Schmidt-Nielsen.- Effects of Hypoxia on Heart Activity in Diving, Flying, and Land Birds.- Cardiopulmonary Responses to Acute Hypoxia in Domestic Fowl.- Oxygen Transport During Progressive Hypoxia in Bar-Headed Geese (Anser indicus) Acclimated to Sea Level and 5600 m.- Role of Arterial Chemoreceptors in Ventilatory Acclimation to High Altitude in Unanesthetized Peking Ducks.- Ventilation in the Hummingbird Colibri coruscans During Altitude Hovering.- Respiration During Flight in Birds.- The Contribution of Arterial Chemoreceptors and Baroreceptors to Diving Reflexes in Birds.- Adjustment of the Regional Pulmonary Circulation to the Profile of Oxygen Pressure Along the Parabronchus in the Duck.- Session III: Avian Respiratory System: Structure and Function of Lungs Chairman: G.M. Hughes.- The Structure of the Intrapulmonary Vasculature in the Domestic Fowl.- A Model of the Capillary Zone of the Avian Tertiary Bronchus.- Ventilatory 133Xenon Distribution Studies in the Duck Anas platyrhyncha.- Diffusion in Avian Pulmonary Gas Exchange: Role of Diffusion Resistance of the Blood-Gas Barrier and the Air Capillaries.- Airway Resistance.- Origin of Carbon Dioxide in Caudal Air Sacs of Birds.- Session IV: Control of Ventilation: Intrapulmonary CO2 Sensitivity and Respiratory Centers Chairman: P. Dejours.- Effects of Intrapulmonary Chemoreceptors in Perfused and Nonperfused Lungs.- Role of Avian Intrapulmonary Chemoreceptors in the Ventilatory Response to Inhaled CO2: Effects of Acetazolamide in the Duck.- Ventilatory Response During Arterial Homeostasis of $$$$ at Low Levels of Inspired Carbon Dioxide.- Effect of Middle Cardiac Nerve Stimulation upon the Respiratory Response to $$$$ in the Chicken.- Effect of FLCO2 Dynamics on Ti and Ttot in Spontaneously Breathing Birds.- Effect of Stretch on the Respiratory Pattern of a Chicken.- Central Nervous Mechanisms Regulating Thermal Panting.- Control of Panting by Thermosensitive Spinal Neurons in Birds.- Session V: Respiration of the Embryo: Eggshell, Embryonic Membranes, Circulation, Blood Chairman: J. Metcalfe.- The Avian Egg: in vivo Conductances to Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Water Vapor in Late Development.- Pore Size Versus Pore Number in Avian Eggshells.- Interdependence of Gas Conductance, Incubation Length, and Weight of the Avian Egg.- Metabolism of Avian Embryos: Comparative Ontogeny.- The Kiwi: a Case of Compensating Divergences from Allometric Predictions.- Gas Conductance in the Eggshell of the Mound-Building Brush-Turkey.- Acid-Base Balance During Eggshell Formation.- Development of the Avian Respiratory and Circulatory Systems.- Gas Transfer in the Chorioallantois.- Respiratory Function of Embryonic Chicken Hemoglobin.- The Effects of Restricted Gas Exchange on Embryonic Heart Rate.- List of Participants.