Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Metals

ISBN-13: 9781461593485 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 846 str.

Tom Clarkson

Opis

The Permanent Commission and International Association on Occupational Health (PCIAOH) established in 1969 a Subcommittee on the Toxicology of Metals under the chairmanship of Lars Friberg. This committee, which later was named the Scientific Committee on the Toxicology of Metals, has organized a number of previous meetings that have led to publications in three major areas of metal toxicology: a preliminary meeting in Slanchev Bryag, Bulgaria in- 1971, followed by a meeting in 1972 in Buenos Aires, Argentina which produced two reports (Dukes and Friberg, 1971; Task Group on Metal Accumulation, 1973), that discussed the metabolism of metals with special reference to absorption, excretion and biological half-times. The effects and dose-response relationships of toxic metals, including a discussion of general principles, was the second major topic addressed by the Scientific Committee at a meeting in Tokyo in 1974 (Nordberg, 1976). The philosophy of this conference, as well as the previous one in Buenos Aires, was based on the concept of a "threshold dose" for the occurrence of adverse effects. In a conference held in Atlanta, USA in 1980, the scope of discussion on metal effects was broadened to include the role of metals in carcinogenesis. Thus, for the first time, the Scientific Committee took under consideration the possibility of non-threshold relationships (Belman and Nordberg, 1981). In addition, the Scientific Committee on the Toxicology of Metals organized a workshop on metal interactions in Stockholm 1977 (Nordberg et al.

Spis treści

An Overview of the Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Metals.- Review Articles.- Effects of Metals on Male Reproduction.- Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Metals: Female Reproductive System.- The Congenital Teratogenicity and Perinatal Toxicity of Metals.- Effects of Metals: The Developing Central Nervous System.- Prenatal Metabolism: Metals and Metallothionein.- Effects and Metabolism of Toxic Trace Metals in the Neonatal Period.- Invited Papers.- Session 1. Effects of Metals on the Male Reproductive System.- Normal Testicular Structure and Methods of Evaluation under Experimental and Disruptive Conditions.- Effects of Environmental Metals on Male Reproduction.- Effects of Occupational Exposure to Lead on Sperm and Semen.- Cadmium and Reproduction: A Perspective After 25 Years.- Session 2. Effects of Metals on the Female Reproductive System.- Ovarian Toxicity: Effects on Sexual Maturation, Reproduction and Menopause.- Lead and Development of the Early Embryo.- Effect of Lead on Reproductive Capacity and Development of Mammals.- Spontaneous Abortion as Risk Indicator in Metal Exposure.- Session 3. Birth Defects and Perinatal Toxicity.- Metal-Induced Congenital Malformations.- Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity of Nickel Compounds.- The Influence of Weight and Other Physiological Changes During Pregnancy and Lactation on the Toxicities of Mercury and Cadmium.- Ultrastructural and Biochemical Alterations of Cellular Organelles by Prenatal Exposure to Toxic Trace Metals.- Session 4. The Developing Central Nervous System.- Critical Processes in CNS Development and the Pathogenesis of Early Injuries.- Effects of Prenatal Methylmercury Poisoning upon Growth and Development of Fetal Central Nervous System.- Neurobehavioral Consequences of Early Exposure to Lead in Rhesus Monkeys: Effects on Cognitive Behaviors.- Central Nervous Effects of Perinatal Exposure to Lead or Methylmercury in the Monkey.- Developmental Toxicity of Metals: Implications for Public Health.- Session 5. Prenatal Aspects of the Metabolism of Metals.- The Placenta: Relevance to Toxicology.- Disposition of Metals in the Embryo and Fetus.- Heavy Metal Alterations of Placental Function: A Mechanism for the Induction of Fetal Toxicity in Cadmium.- Endogenous Metal-Binding Proteins in the Control of Zinc, Copper, Cadmium and Mercury Metabolism during Prenatal and Post-natal Development.- The Cellular Accumulation and Subcellular Localization of Metallothionein in Rat Liver during Postnatal Development.- Methylmercury Metabolism in Pregnant Mice: Its Modification by Selenium with Particular Reference to Prenatal Toxicity of These Compounds.- Session 6. Postnatal Aspects of the Metabolism of Metals.- Specific Features of Metal Absorption in Suckling Animals.- Are Developmental Changes in Methylmercury Metabolism and Excretion Mediated by the Intestinal Microflora?.- Trace Element Absorption in Infants: Potentials and Limitations.- Differences in Exposure and Metabolic Response of Infants and Adults to Lead, Cadmium and Zinc.- Special Topic Papers.- The International Programme on Chemical Safety in Relation to Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology.- Quality Control in Laboratories Testing for Environmental Pollution.- Participants.- Author Index.