Quality Research in Literacy and Science Education: International Perspectives and Gold Standards

ISBN-13: 9781402084263 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 666 str.

Mack C. Shelley II; Larry D. Yore; Brian B. Hand

Opis

Statistical models attempt to describe and quantify relationships between variables. In the models presented in this chapter, there is a response variable (sometimes called dependent variable) and at least one predictor variable (sometimes called independent or explanatory variable). When investigating a possible cause-and-effect type of relationship, the response variable is the putative effect and the predictors are the hypothesized causes. Typically, there is a main predictor variable of interest; other predictors in the model are called covariates. Unknown covariates or other independent variables not controlled in an experiment or analysis can affect the dependent or outcome variable and mislead the conclusions made from the inquiry (Bock, Velleman, & De Veaux, 2009). A p value (p) measures the statistical significance of the observed relationship; given the model, p is the probability that a relationship is seen by mere chance. The smaller the p value, the more confident we can be that the pattern seen in the data 2 is not random. In the type of models examined here, the R measures the prop- tion of the variation in the response variable that is explained by the predictors 2 specified in the model; if R is close to 1, then almost all the variation in the response variable has been explained. This measure is also known as the multiple correlation coefficient. Statistical studies can be grouped into two types: experimental and observational.

Recenzje

The strength of this book, its inclusion of many perspectives that include political and policy pressures, budget priorities, task force reports, research complexities, curriculum complexities, and teaching-learning complexities, will be appreciated by many who see "No Childe Left Behing" and "high-stakes testing" as overly simplistic and potentially harmfull to education. It contains important information and valuable insight into the complexities of conducting quality sience literacy research in particular and education research in general. Also, the emphasis on producing research that can be understood and used properly by policy makers at local, state, and national levels is a strength of the book. I have been in the science education research field for over 40 years, including a stint as editor of the Journal of Research in Science Teaching, and I can say that I profited from reading this book.

Ron Good, Professor Emeritus, Louisiana State University and Florida State University, USA

Spis treści

Section I: General Introduction. 1. Education Research Meets the 'Gold Standard': Evaluation, Research Methods, and Statistics after No Child Left Behind; M. C. Shelley et al. Section II: Setting the Agenda: Science Education and Science-based Research 2. Why 'Gold Standard' Needs Another 's': Results from the Gold Standard(s) in Science and Literacy Education Research Conference; L. D. Yore, P. Boscolo. 3. Research and Practice: A Complex Relationship? R. Millar, J. Osborne. 4. Moving Beyond the Gold Standard: Epistemological and Ontological Considerations of Research in Science Literacy; D. E. Alvermann, C. A. Mallozzi. 5. Longitudinal Studies into Science Learning—Methodological Issues; R. W. Tytler. 6. An International Perspective of Monitoring Educational Research Quality: Commonalities and Differences; R. K. Coll et al. 7. Considering Research Quality and Applicability through the Eyes of Stakeholders; D. V. Hayward, L. M. Phillips. Section III: Curriculum and Pedagogy. 8. Researching Effective Pedagogies for Developing the Literacies of Science: Some Theoretical and Practical Considerations; V. Prain. 9. Pedagogy, Implementation, and Professional Development for Teaching Science Literacy: How Students and Teachers Know and Learn; L. A. Norton-Meier et al. 10. Approaching Classroom Realities: The Use of Mixed Methods and Structural Equation Models in Science Education Research; M. Nieswandt, E. H. McEneaney. 11. Mixed-methodology Research in Science Education: Opportunities and Challenges in Exploring and Enhancing Thinking Dispositions; T. Levin, T. Wagner. 12. New Directions in Science Literacy Education; W. Saul, B.Hand. Section IV. Statistics, Research Methods, and Science Literacy. 13. Multilevel Modeling with HLM: Taking A Second Look at PISA; J. O. Anderson et al. 14. Methods from Item Response Theory: Going Beyond Traditional Validity and Reliability in Standardizing Assessments; A.G. Froelich. 15. Confounding in Observational Studies using Standardized Test Data: Careful Disentanglement of Statistical Interpretations and Explanations; M. C. Meyer. 16. Predicting Group Membership Using National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Mathematics Data; D. Walker, S. Mohammed.17. Incorporating Exploratory Methods using Dynamic Graphics into Multivariate Statistics Classes: Curriculum Development; D. Cook. 18. Approaches to Broadening the Statistics Curricula; D. Nolan, D. Temple Lang. 19. Dr. Fox Rocks: Using Data Mining Techniques to Examine Student Ratings of Instruction; M. C. Wang et al. 20. Relating Process Execution to Writing, Reading, and Output Quality of Text: Considering Learner and Task Characteristics; H. van den Bergh et al. 21. Can We Make a Silk Purse from a Sow’s Ear? D. J. Mundfrom. Section V: Public Policy and 'Gold Standard(s)' Research. 22. Speaking Truth to Power with Powerful Results: Impacting Public Awareness and Public Policy; M. C. Shelley. 23. Funding Patterns and Priorities: An International Perspective; Hsiao-Ching She et al. 24. Research Ethics Boards and the Gold Standard(s) in Science and Literacy Education Research; R. J. Anthony et al. 25. Data Sharing: Disclosure, Confidentiality, and Security; D. J. Dude et al. 26. Stitching the Pieces Together to Reveal the

Blurb

This book addresses implications for "Gold Standards" of education research—especially in science education and literacy. These standards are meant to provide evidence-based educational outcomes found effective in randomized controlled trials, following patterns of evidence used in medical research. Similar expectations have emerged in other countries—from education ministries, for researchers working with U.S. colleagues, and for researchers with multinational and non-profit support.

The current "Gold Standard" policy, developed in the United States through the 2001 "No Child Left Behind" [NCLB] Act and the 2002 Education Sciences Reform Act, attempts to improve the effects of schooling and enhance educational research. The contributions to this book explore perspectives on how best to implement multiple standards of education research.