Prostaglandins

ISBN-13: 9783642806445 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 200 str.

Eric W. Horton

Opis

This book was written at the invitation of Dr. H. GOTZE of Springer-Verlag for the series "Monographs in Endocrinology." It is not a comprehensive account of the prostaglandins but has been writ ten with a deliberate emphasis upon those aspects of the field in which I am particularly interested and to which, in some cases, I have made a contribution. I am grateful to Miss E. PFISTERER and her colleagues of Springer Verlag for their excellent work. I should also like to thank my wife without whose patience, encouragement and help this book would never have been completed. Finally this is an appropriate time to express my sincere gratitude to those scientists who over the years have given me samples of prostaglandins-namely Professors S.BERGSTROM and B.SAMUELSSON of the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Professor D. A. VAN DORP of the Unilever Research Laboratories, Vlaardingen and Dr. J. E. PIlm of the Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo. Without their help work in this field would have been extremely difficult."

Spis treści

I. Introduction.- 1. Discovery of Prostaglandin.- 2. Pharmacological Properties.- 3. Prostaglandin and Reproduction.- 4. Isolation and Structure.- 5. Prostaglandin-like Substances.- 6. Nomenclature.- 7. Prostaglandin Literature.- References.- II. Extraction, Separation, Identification and Estimation.- 1. Solvent Extraction and Partition Procedure.- a) Tissues.- b) Blood.- 2. Chromatographic Separation.- a) Silicic Acid and Silica Gel Column Chromatography.- b) Sephadex LH-20 Columns.- c) Amberlyst 15 Resin.- d) Reversed Phase Systems.- e) Amberlite XAD-2.- f) Thin Layer Chromatography.- g) Gas-liquid Chromatography.- h) Radio Gas Chromatography.- 3. Identification and Estimation of Prostaglandins.- a) Simple Tests of Identification.- b) Parallel Biological Assay.- c) Enzymatic Determination.- d) Radio-immunoassay and Competitive Protein Binding.- e) Ultraviolet, Infra-red and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- f) Mass Spectrometry.- 4. Occurrence and Release of Prostaglandins.- References.- III. Synthesis.- References.- IV. Biosynthesis.- 1. Prostaglandin Synthetase.- 2. Formation of Products Other than PGE or PGF.- 3. Substrate Specificity.- 4. Inhibitors of Prostaglandin Synthetase.- 5. Origin of Substrate.- 6. Mechanism of Prostaglandin Formation.- 7. Large Scale Biosynthetic Production of Prostaglandins.- References.- V. Metabolism and Fate.- 1. Autoradiographic Studies in Mice.- 2. Distribution and Fate in the Rat.- 3. Urinary Metabolites in the Rat.- 4. Metabolism in the Guinea-pig.- 5. Removal of Prostaglandins from the Circulation.- 6. Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase.- 7. Prostaglandin Reductase.- 8. Beta-oxidation.- 9. Omega-oxidation.- 10. Prostaglandin Isomerase.- 11. Human Metabolism.- References.- VI. Female Reproductive Tract Smooth Muscle.- 1. Parturition.- 2. Abortion.- 3. Human Myometrial Strips in vitro.- 4. Human Fallopian Tubes.- 5. Uterus and Oviduct of Other Species.- References.- VII. Endocrine System.- 1. Adrenal Cortex.- 2. Adrenal Medulla.- 3. Corpus Luteum.- 4. Thyroid.- 5. Islets of Langerhans.- References.- VIII. Adipose Tissue.- 1. In vitro Experiments.- 2. In vivo Experiments.- 3. Human Adipose Tissue.- 4. Obesity.- References.- IX. The Nervous System.- 1. Central Nervous System.- a) Sedative Actions of PGE in the Unanaesthetised Chick.- b) Sedative-tranquillizer Actions of PGE1 in the Mouse.- c) Anticonvulsant Actions of PGE1.- d) Other Actions of PGE1 in the Mouse.- e) Actions of PGE in the Unanaesthetised Cat.- f) Actions of PGF2? on Unanaesthetised Animals.- g) Effect of PGF2? on the Spinal Cord.- h) Effect of PGE1 on Motor Pathways in the Brain and Spinal Cord.- i) Abolition of Tremor by PGE1.- j) Action of Prostaglandins on the Brain Stem.- k) Micro-iontophoretic Studies.- l) Conclusions.- 2. Peripheral Nervous System.- a) Sensory Endings.- b) Autonomic Ganglia and Neuro-muscular Junction.- c) Adrenergic Neurones.- References.- X. Cardiovascular System.- References.- XI. Urinary System.- 1. Water and Electrolyte Excretion.- 2. Natriuretic Hormone.- References.- XII. Blood Platelets.- 1. Aggregation in vitro.- 2. In vivo Experiments.- 3. Blood Coagulation.- References.- XIII. Gastro-intestinal Tract.- 1. Glandular Secretions in Animals and Man.- 2. Isolated Smooth Muscle Preparations.- 3. Gastro-intestinal Motility Studied in vivo.- References.- XIV. Respiratory Tract Smooth Muscle.- 1. Isolated Preparations.- 2. In vivo Experiments.- 3. Human Volunteers and Asthmatics.- References.- XV. Biological Significance of the Prostaglandins.- 1. Reproduction.- 2. Prostaglandins as Circulating Hormones.- 3. Interaction between Prostaglandins and Catecholamines.- 4. Prostaglandins and Adenyl Cyclase.- 5. Prostaglandins and Ions.- References.