Practical Raman Spectroscopy: An Introduction

ISBN-13: 9780470683187 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 192 str.

Peter Vandenabeele; David J. Ando

Opis

This text offers an open-learning approach to Raman spectroscopy providing detail on instrumentation, applications and discussions questions throughout the book. It provides a valuable guide to assist with teaching Raman spectroscopy which is gaining attention in (analytical) chemistry, and as a consequence, teaching programs have followed. Today, education in Raman spectroscopy is often limited to theoretical aspects (e.g. selection rules), but practical aspects are usually disregarded. With these course notes, the author hopes to fill this gap and include information about Raman instrumentation and how it is interpreted.

• Provides a user-friendly text that tackles the theoretical background, and offers everyday tips for common practice
• Raman instrumentation and practical aspects, which are sometimes overlooked, are covered
• Appropriate for students, and includes summaries, text boxes, illustrating the ideas with examples from research literature or providing background information or links with other courses
• Written with an open-learning approach, this book will be ideal for use as a self-study guide or as the basis of a taught course with discussion and self-assessment questions throughout the text
• Includes a comprehensive bibliography to guide the reader to more specialized texts and sources.

Recenzje

The book is written in the style of an introductory university lecture, each chapter beginning with a list of learning objectives, which can be later used as a quick reference guide to the chapter contents.   (Chemistry World, 1 June 2014)

Spis treści

Preface xi

Acknowledgements xiii

Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols xv

About the Author xvii

Introduction to Raman spectroscopy xix

1 Theoretical Aspects 1

1.1 Classical Approach 1

1.2 Selection Rule 7

1.3 Energy Levels and Group Frequencies 13

1.4 Raman Intensity 19

1.5 Raman Bandwidth 35

1.6 The General Appearance of a Raman Spectrum 37

1.7 Summary 38

Intermezzo 1.1 The Harmonic Oscillator and the Position of the Vibrational Energy Levels 6

Intermezzo 1.2 The Anharmonic Oscillator and the Position of Vibrational Energy Levels 11

Intermezzo 1.3 Raman Intensity Annotations 30

2 Interferences and Side–effects 39

2.1 Absorption 40

2.2 Fluorescence 40

2.3 Thermal Effects, Photodecomposition and Laser Ablation 43

2.4 Ambient Light and Background Radiation 44

2.5 Summary 44

3 Enhancement of the Raman Signal 47

3.1 Resonance Raman (RR) Spectroscopy 48

3.2 Surface–Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) 48

3.3 Summary 59

Intermezzo 3.1 The Analysis of Organic Dyes by SERS 58

4 Raman Instrumentation 61

4.1 Lasers 62

4.2 Detectors 74

4.3 Filters 81

4.4 Dispersion Systems 83

4.5 Components for Transportation of Light 88

4.6 Sample Chambers and Measurement Probes 91

4.7 Noise in Raman Spectroscopy 95

4.8 Summary 99

5 Raman Spectroscopy in Daily Lab–life 101

5.1 Calibration of a Raman Spectrometer 102

5.2 Raman Spectral Post–processing 108

5.3 Interpretation of Raman Spectra of Organic Molecules 116

5.4 Interpretation of Raman Spectra of Inorganic Molecules 131

5.5 Quantitative Aspects of Raman Spectroscopy 134

5.6 Fingerprinting and Spectral Searching Algorithms 137

5.7 Raman Mapping and Imaging 141

5.8 Combination with Other Techniques 145

5.9 Summary 147

Intermezzo 5.1 Micro–Raman Spectroscopy in Microbiology 107

Intermezzo 5.2 Raman Spectroscopy in a Forensics Laboratory 117

Intermezzo 5.3 Pigment Analysis with Raman Spectroscopy 132

Intermezzo 5.4 Detection of Counterfeit Medicines with Raman Spectroscopy 136

Intermezzo 5.5 Exobiology: Raman Spectroscopy Helps the Search for Life on Mars 139

Intermezzo 5.6 Direct Analysis of Precious Art Objects 144

Responses to Questions 149

Bibliography 153

Glossary of Terms 155

SI Units and Physical Constants 157

Periodic Table 163

Index 165

Blurb

Raman spectroscopy is a molecular spectroscopic technique, which in recent years has attracteda lot of attention as a versatile analytical technique, with applications in a broad range of research areas.

Practical Raman Spectroscopy: An Introduction provides the reader with:

• background information on the technique,
• an overview of theoretical aspects
• explanations of possible interferences and enhancement effects.

The author walks the reader through the key components of common Raman spectroscopy instrumentation and explains the basic principles of post–processing of Raman spectra, mathematical filters, spectral interpretation, quantitative aspects, searching algorithms,
Raman mapping, etc.

The text:

• is enhanced with practical examples from research, illustrating the broad
  field of applications
• includes Questions and Discussion Topics, where the reader can evaluate
  their understanding
• provides a comprehensive bibliography to guide the reader to more specialized texts and sources.

Rather than overwhelming the reader in mathematical discussions and equations, the author provides an intuitive feeling for different concepts in Raman spectroscopy. Thus, this book aims to provide an introduction to students as well as to the occasional user, who wants to gain a broader knowledge of the technique.