Portable Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, Technologies and Instrumentation

ISBN-13: 9781119636366 / Angielski / Twarda / 2021 / 608 str.

Richard A. Crocombe; Pauline E. Leary; Brooke Kammrath

Spis treści

List of Contributors xiiiForeword xviiPreface for Volume 1 xixAcknowledgements xxi1 Introduction to Portable Spectroscopy 1Pauline E. Leary, Richard A. Crocombe and Brooke W. Kammrath1.1 Introduction 11.2 Defining Portable Spectrometers 11.3 Performance 21.4 History and Availability 41.5 Instrument Design and Enabling Technologies 71.6 Producing Results 81.7 Outline of These Volumes 9Acronyms and Abbreviations 11References 122 Engineering Portable Instruments 15Terry Sauer2.1 Size/Weight 152.2 Sample Interface 162.3 Embedded Computer vs. External Personal Computer (PC) 162.4 Reduced Feature Set 172.5 Target of Non-Spectroscopist 172.6 Power Budget 182.7 Voltage Conversion 182.8 Decon/Ingress Protection (IP) Rating 192.9 Testing the Seal 202.10 Gloved Operation 202.11 Display 212.12 Thermal Concerns 232.13 Optical Elements 272.14 Interferometer Optical Design 272.15 Interferometer Bearings 292.16 Vibration 302.17 Shock 302.18 Battery 312.19 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) 322.20 Ergonomics 342.21 Laser Safety 342.22 Stability 352.23 Service 382.24 Communications/Wireless 38References 383 Design Considerations for Portable Mid-Infrared FTIR Spectrometers Used for In-Field Identifications of Threat Materials 41David W. Schiering and John T. Stein3.1 Introduction and Background 413.2 FTIR System Components 443.3 FTIR Spectrometer Performance Attributes 533.4 Modeling and Simulation Guide to Portable Instrument Design and Development 553.5 Portable FTIR Performance Benchmarks 603.6 Conclusion 62Abbreviations and Acronyms 62References 634 PAT Applications of NIR Spectroscopy in the Pharmaceutical Industry 67Pierre-Yves Sacré, Charlotte De Bleye, Philippe Hubert and Eric Ziemons4.1 Introduction 674.2 Continuous Manufacturing and Real-Time Release Testing 674.3 PAT Implementation of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy 734.4 Conclusion 79Glossary 81References 825 MOEMS and MEMS - Technology, Benefits & Uses 89Heinrich Grüger5.1 Introduction 895.2 Grating-Based Spectrometers 925.3 Fourier Transform Spectrometer 1015.4 Tunable Fabry-Perot Interferometer 1045.5 Integration Strategies for MEMS-/MOEMS-Based Spectrometers 1065.6 Use of MEMS-Based NIR Spectrometers 108Acronyms and Abbreviations 109References 1106 Portable Raman Spectroscopy: Instrumentation and Technology 115Cicely Rathmell, Dieter Bingemann, Mark Zieg and David Creasey6.1 Introduction 1156.2 The Case for Raman: Capabilities and Scope 1156.3 The Theory of Raman Spectra 1166.4 Basics of a Raman System 1196.5 "Portable" Versus "Handheld" Versus "Mini" 1196.6 Performance Needs in Portable Raman Instruments 1206.7 Excitation Laser 1226.8 Optical Filters and Sampling Optics 1256.9 Spectrometer Design 1276.10 Sample Interface and Accessories 1346.11 Spectral Processing and Analysis 1356.12 Special Cases 1386.13 Conclusion 140Acronyms and Abbreviations 141References 1417 Optical Filters - Technology and Applications 147Oliver Pust7.1 Overview on the Use of Optical Filters in Spectroscopy 1477.2 Optical Filters as Auxiliary Filters 1547.3 Optical Filters as Complementary Filters 1597.4 Optical Filters asWavelength Selective Element 1617.5 Conclusion and Outlook 175References 1768 Portable UV-Visible Spectroscopy - Instrumentation, Technology, and Applications 179Anshuman Das8.1 Introduction 1798.2 Typical Instrumentation of a Portable UV-Vis Spectrometer 1808.3 Measurement Configurations 1838.4 Types of Instrumentation Used in UV-Vis Spectroscopy 1878.5 Applications 1938.6 Challenges for Portable Spectrometers 2028.7 Outlook 204References 2049 Smartphone Technology - Instrumentation and Applications 209Alexander Scheeline9.1 Introduction and Context 2099.2 Challenges of Smartphone Spectrometry 2109.3 Progress to Date 2139.4 Conclusion and Prospective 230References 23010 Portable Standoff Optical Spectroscopy for Safety and Security 237Matthew P. Nelson and Nathaniel R. Gomer10.1 Introduction 23710.2 Portable Standoff Optical Instrument Types 24010.3 Portable Standoff Optical Instrument Technologies 24210.4 Portable Standoff Optical Spectroscopy Sensor Selection 24810.5 Portable Standoff Optical Spectroscopy Sensors and Applications 25310.6 Conclusions and Future Direction 269Acronyms and Abbreviations 269References 27011 Microplasmas for Portable Optical Emission Spectrometry 275Vassili Karanassios11.1 Introduction 27511.2 A Brief Review of the Portable Microplasma Literature 27611.3 Conclusion 284Acronyms 284Abbreviations 284Acknowledgments 285References 28512 Portable Electro-Optical-Infrared Spectroscopic Sensors for Standoff Detection of Chemical Leaks and Threats 289Hugo Lavoie, Jean-Marc Thériault, Eldon Puckrin, Richard L. Lachance, Alexandre Thibeault, Yotam Ariel and Jean Albert12.1 Introduction 28912.2 A Differential FTIR Approach for Standoff Gas Detection 28912.3 iCATSI Sensor 29712.4 Active FTIR for Ground Contamination Detection 29912.5 Signature Collection: Broadband Portable Field Spectral Reflectometer 30312.6 Imaging Gas Filter Correlation Radiometry 30812.7 Conclusion 317References 31713 Handheld Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (HHLIBS) 321David Day13.1 Introduction 32113.2 Handheld LIBS-Enabling Technologies 32313.3 Commercial HHLIBS Specifications 33713.4 HHLIBS Applications 33713.5 Summary and Future Expectations 341References 34114 Miniaturized Mass Spectrometry - Instrumentation, Technology, and Applications 345Dalton T. Snyder14.1 Introduction 34514.2 Instrumentation 34614.3 Applications 35814.4 Summary and Outlook 364Acronyms 364Further Reading 36515 Portable Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Instrumentation and Applications 367Pauline E. Leary, Brooke W. Kammrath and John A. Reffner15.1 Introduction 36715.2 History of Portable GC-MS 36815.3 Critical Components for Portability 37015.4 Applications 37915.5 The Future of Portable GC-MS 384Acknowledgments 385References 38516 Development of High-Pressure Mass Spectrometry for Handheld and Benchtop Analyzers 391Kenion H. Blakeman and Scott E. Miller16.1 Introduction 39116.2 Ion Trap Development for HPMS 39216.3 Commercialization and Applications 40116.4 Conclusions 408References 40817 Key Instrumentation Developments That Have Led to Portable Ion Mobility Spectrometer Systems 415Reno F. DeBono and Pauline E. Leary17.1 Background and History 41517.2 Principles of Ion Mobility Spectrometry 41717.3 Current Innovations and Future Directions 43917.4 Conclusions 441Acronyms 442Abbreviations and Symbols 443References 44418 X-Ray Sources for Handheld X-Ray Fluorescence Instruments 449Sterling Cornaby18.1 Background 44918.2 The Miniature X-Ray Source 45018.3 The Selection of a Target Anode Material for XRF 45518.4 Functionality of X-Ray Sources for HHXRF 46118.5 Conclusion 472References 47319 Semiconductor Detectors for Portable Energy-Dispersive XRF Spectrometry 475Andrei Stratilatov19.1 Introduction 47519.2 Semiconductor Detector Fundamentals: Signal Formation 47619.3 Detectors for Portable Spectrometers: Design and Performance 48619.4 Silicon Drift Detectors 48919.5 Si Detectors' Quantum Efficiency: X-Ray EntranceWindows 49119.6 Conclusion 498Acronyms and Abbreviations 499References 49920 Field-Deployable Utility of Benchtop Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometers 501Koby L. Kizzire and Griffin Cassata20.1 Introduction 50120.2 NMR Theory 50320.3 Magnet Miniaturization 50520.4 Improvements in Sensitivity and Resolution 50620.5 Current bNMR Spectrometers 50720.6 Applications 50920.7 Conclusion 510References 51121 Rapid DNA Analysis - Need, Technology, and Applications 515Claire L. Glynn and Angie Ambers21.1 Need for Speed 51521.2 Technology 51821.3 Applications 52921.4 Limitations and Important Considerations 53821.5 Future Considerations and Conclusions 539A Appendix 540A.1 Acronyms 540References 54122 Portable Biological Spectroscopy: Field Applications 545Brian Damit and Miquel Antoine22.1 Introduction 54522.2 Organization of This Chapter 54722.3 Attributes of Field-Portable Spectroscopy Systems 54722.4 Field Applications 54822.5 Summary, Challenges, and Outlook 558Acknowledgements 558List of Acronyms 559References 559Index 565

O autorze

RICHARD A. CROCOMBE, PHD, operates Crocombe Spectroscopy Consulting, served as the 2020 President of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy (SAS), and is Chair of the SPIE 'Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies' conference. He has 40 years of experience in the analytical instrumentation business. For the last 15 years, he has specialized in miniature and portable spectrometers.PAULINE E. LEARY, PHD, is a Reachback Chemist at Federal Resources where she specializes in miniature and portable spectrometers and instrument platforms. For over 15 years, she has been training users, including field scientists, emergency responders, and conventional and specialized forces of the United States military, on the theory and operation of portable systems. Pauline has presented on portable instruments at conferences and technical symposia throughout the world.BROOKE W. KAMMRATH, PHD, is the Assistant Director of the Henry C. Lee Institute of Forensic Science and an Associate Professor in the Forensic Science Department of the Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences at University of New Haven. She also serves as a scientific consultant and expert witness for both criminal and civil cases. She served as the President of the New York Microscopical Society (NYMS) from 2017-2019, is on the Governing Board of the Eastern Analytical Symposium (EAS), and is a Diplomate of the American Board of Criminalistics (ABC).