Porous Plastics

ISBN-13: 9781119896388 / Angielski / Twarda / 2022 / 418 str.

Johannes Karl Fink

Spis treści

Preface xi1 Materials 11.1 Styropor 11.2 Porous Coordination Polymers 21.2.1 Multifunctional Pillared-Layer Material 21.2.2 Porous Coordination Polymer-Ionic Liquid Composite 31.3 Networks 71.3.1 Microporous Polymer Networks 71.3.2 Amorphous Microporous Polymer Networks 71.4 Rigid Ladder-Type Porous Polymers 191.5 Photocatalysts 201.5.1 Compounds for Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation 201.5.2 Floating Photocatalysts 221.5.3 Photocatalysts with Side Chains 24References 262 Synthesis Methods 292.1 Porogens 292.1.1 Polymers and Organic Solvents 292.1.2 Water as Porogen 312.1.3 Solid Porogens 312.2 Living Radical Polymerization 322.3 Emulsion Polymerization 322.3.1 High Internal Phase Emulsion Polymerization 322.3.2 Microchannel Emulsification 402.4 Solvent-Free Polymerization 412.5 Suspension Polymerization 432.6 Multistage Polymerization Techniques 452.7 Azo Coupling 462.8 Precipitation Polymerization 462.9 Microfluidics 472.10 Photocatalysis 492.11 Thermal Drawing 502.12 Biodegradable Foam 532.13 Biocompatible Porous Three-Dimensional Polymer Matrices 532.14 Breath-Figure Method 542.14.1 Effects of the Chemical Structure of Polymers 552.14.2 Coating Layers with Selective Wettability on Filter Papers 562.15 Superabsorbent Polymers 572.16 Functionalization Methods 652.16.1 Thiol-Ene Click Chemistry 652.16.2 Ionic Bond Functionalization 662.16.3 Pore-Size-Specific Functionalization 67References 673 Properties 733.1 Special Materials 733.1.1 Porous Polymer Pressure Sensors 733.1.2 Crack Propagation Behavior 743.2 Standard Test Methods 743.2.1 Polymeric Scaffolds 763.2.2 Leaks in Porous Medical Packaging 773.2.3 Pore Diameter and Permeability 773.2.4 Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry 783.2.5 Pore Size of a Membrane Filter 783.2.6 Computed Tomography 793.2.7 Water Absorption 793.2.8 Microbial Ranking of Porous Packaging Materials 803.2.9 Antibacterial Properties 813.2.10 Performance of Antimicrobials 813.2.11 Surgical Implants 813.2.12 Acoustical Properties 833.2.13 Detection of Leaks in Packaging 843.2.14 Sorbent Performance of Adsorbents 85References 854 Medical Uses 894.1 Medical Diagnostics 894.1.1 Extracellular Vesicles 894.2 Medical Devices 944.2.1 Stent Grafts 964.2.2 Vascular Grafts 1034.3 Medical Applications 1064.3.1 Porous Polymer Microneedles 1064.3.2 Flexible Pressure Sensors 1074.3.3 Bone Regeneration 1084.3.4 Release of Therapeutic Agents 1114.3.5 Implant Dentistry 1144.4 Biomedical Applications 1304.4.1 Macroporous Hydrogels 1314.4.2 Alginate Foams 1324.4.3 Biodegradable Sponges 1334.4.4 Biomedical Scaffolds 1344.4.5 Biodegradable Electronic Materials 1354.4.6 Optical Fibers 1364.4.7 Bead Sorbent 137References 1465 Thermal Insulation 1535.1 Prediction Models 1545.2 Radiative and Conductive Heat Transfer 1555.3 Studies of Thermal Conductivity 1565.3.1 Macroporous Polymer-Derived SiOC Ceramics 1565.4 Poly(ethylene) Foams 1575.5 Rigid Foams 1575.5.1 Aromatic Polymers 1575.5.2 PVC 1625.5.3 Poly(urethane) 1695.6 Microporous Foams 1745.6.1 Microporous Poly(styrene) 1745.6.2 Conjugate Microporous Foams 1755.7 Resilient Porous Polymer Foams 1765.8 Electrically Conductive Networks 1785.8.1 Poly(lactic acid) 1785.8.2 Natural Rubber 1785.9 Electroconducting Polymer Coatings 1815.10 Foam Insulation Structure 1825.11 Passive Cooling 1855.11.1 Radiative Cooling 1865.11.2 Passive Building Cooling 1875.12 Sulfur-Containing Polymers 1895.13 Nanocellular Polymers 1895.13.1 Poly(methyl methacrylate) Thermoplastic Poly(urethane) Composites 1895.13.2 Poly(methyl methacrylate) Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composites 1905.14 Household Applications 1915.14.1 Refrigerator 1985.15 Fluid Storage Tank 1995.16 Thermal Insulation for High Explosives 2005.17 Aerogels 2025.17.1 Polysaccharide-Based Aerogels 2025.17.2 Silica Aerogels 2035.17.3 Aerogel Fibers 206References 2076 Membranes 2116.1 Cellulose Acetate 2116.2 Poly(vinylidene fluoride) 2156.2.1 Grafted Phosphonium Poly(vinylidene fluoride) 2166.2.2 Hollow Fiber Poly(vinylidene fluoride) 2186.2.3 Casting Methods 2206.3 Poly(amino acid)s 2216.4 Hyper-crosslinked Polymers 2216.5 Membrane for Specific Molecular Separation 2226.6 Treatment of Water 2236.6.1 Ammonia Removal 2236.6.2 Fine Pore Aeration 2246.6.3 Water Contamination Treatment 2246.7 Enzyme Reactors 2406.7.1 Thermoresponsive Enzyme Reactor 2406.7.2 Reversible pH-Control 2426.7.3 UV-Responsive Enzyme Reactor 2446.7.4 Kidney Mimicking 2446.8 Electrolyte Membranes 2466.8.1 Membranes for Fuel Cells 2466.9 Membranes for Batteries 2556.9.1 Membranes for Lithium-Ion Batteries 2556.9.2 Membranes for Sodium-Ion Batteries 2636.9.3 Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries 2656.10 pH-Sensitive Gating in Membranes 266References 2687 Separation Methods 2757.1 Chromatography 2757.1.1 Solid Phase Extraction 2757.1.2 Liquid Chromatography 2767.1.3 Thin-Layer Chromatography 2937.1.4 Gas Chromatography 2947.1.5 Gel Permeation Chromatography 2977.1.6 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 2997.2 Oil Spill Control 3027.2.1 Polyolefins 3027.2.2 Porphyrin 3037.2.3 Poly(urethane) Sponge 3047.2.4 Hierarchical Porous Membrane 3057.2.5 Waste Polymers 3077.3 Sorbents 3097.3.1 Purification of Ethylene 3097.3.2 Carbon Dioxide Capture 3097.4 Recovery of Organic Materials 3147.4.1 Adsorption of Acteoside 3147.4.2 Toxic Organic Materials 3167.4.3 Removal of Organic Micropollutants 3197.4.4 Lysozyme Extraction 3267.5 Metal Recovery 3287.5.1 Rice Straw in Poly(urethane) Foams 3287.5.2 Bonding of Metal-Containing Ions 3297.5.3 Porous Porphyrin Polymer 3317.5.4 Iminodiacetic Acid-Functionalized Polymer 3407.5.5 Removal of Toxic Elements 3417.5.6 Polyfunctional Sorbent Materials 342References 3488 Other Fields of Use 3558.1 Ceramic Articles 3558.2 Polymer-Modified Porous Cement 3578.3 Flame Retardant Foams 3578.3.1 Poly(urethane) Foam 3578.4 Clay-Containing Composites 3608.4.1 Tissue Engineering 3608.4.2 Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composites 3608.4.3 Hectorites 3618.4.4 Catalyst Supports 3628.5 Lubricant Additives 3668.6 Cosmetic Compositions 3668.7 Packaging Materials 3678.7.1 Breathable Films 3678.8 Char Layer 3678.9 Batteries 3688.9.1 Electrodes 3688.9.2 Rechargeable Batteries 3718.10 Light Emission 3738.10.1 Porous Conjugated Polymer 3738.10.2 Oxacalixarene Macrocycle 3758.10.3 Tetraphenylcyclopentadiene 3768.10.4 Porous Silicone 3768.10.5 Light-Emitting Diodes 3778.11 Sorbents 3788.11.1 Porous Hyper-Crosslinked Polymers 378References 378Index 381Acronyms 381Chemicals 386General Index 402

O autorze

Johannes Karl Fink is Professor of Macromolecular Chemistry at Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria. His industry and academic career spans more than 30 years in the fields of polymers, and his research interests include characterization, flame retardancy, thermodynamics and the degradation of polymers, pyrolysis, and adhesives. Professor Fink has published many books on physical chemistry and polymer science including A Concise Introduction to Additives for Thermoplastic Polymers (Wiley-Scrivener 2009), The Chemistry of Biobased Polymers, 2nd edition (Wiley-Scrivener 2019), 3D Industrial Printing with Polymers (Wiley-Scrivener 2019), and The Chemistry of Environmental Engineering (Wiley-Scrivener 2020).