Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Development

ISBN-13: 9781119329336 / Angielski / Twarda / 2019 / 496 str.

Moe Toghraei

Opis

An essential guide for developing and interpreting piping and instrumentation drawings Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Development is an important resource that offers the fundamental information needed for designers of process plants as well as a guide for other interested professionals.

Spis treści

Preface xixAcknowledgement xxiiiAbout the Companion Website xxvPart I Fundamentals of P&ID Development 11 What Is P&ID 31.1 Why Is P&ID Important? 31.2 What Is a P&ID? 41.3 P&ID Media 41.4 P&ID Development Activity 52 Management of P&ID Development 92.1 Project of Developing P&IDs 92.2 P&ID Milestones 92.3 Involved Parties in P&ID Development 112.4 P&ID Set Owner 122.5 Required Quality of the P&ID in Each Stage of Development 122.6 P&ID Evolution 122.7 Tracking Changes in P&IDs 122.8 Required Man-Hours for the Development of P&IDs 133 Anatomy of a P&ID Sheet 153.1 Title Block 153.2 Ownership Block 153.3 Reference Drawing Block 153.4 Revision Block 153.5 Comments Block 163.6 Main Body of a P&ID 194 General Rules in Drawing of P&IDs 214.1 Items on P&IDs 214.1.4 Signals 224.2 How to Show Them: Visual Rules 224.3 Item Identifiers in P&IDs 264.4 Different Types of P&IDs 324.5 A Set of P&IDs 394.6 P&IDs Prepared in Engineering Companies Compared to Manufacturing or Fabricating Companies 424.7 Dealing with Vendor or Licensor P&IDs 435 Principles of P&ID Development 455.1 Plant Stakeholders 455.2 The Hierarchy of P&ID Development Rules 455.3 Plant Operations 465.4 What Should a P&ID Address? 535.5 Conflicting Check and Merging Opportunities Check 635.6 Dealing with Common Challenges in P&ID Development 645.7 Example: Development of P&ID of a Typical Pump 65Part II Pipes and Equipment 696 Pipes 716.1 Fluid Conductors: Pipes, Tubes, and Ducts 716.2 Pipe Identifiers 716.3 Pipe Tag Anatomy 746.4 Pipes Crossing "Borders" 796.5 Goal of Piping 826.6 Piping Arrangements 846.7 Pipe Route 886.8 Piping Movement 916.9 Dealing with Unwanted Two-Phase Flow in Pipes 926.10 Tubes 946.11 Double-Wall Pipes 956.12 Pipesfor Special Arrangements 966.13 Pipe Size Rule of Thumbs 976.14 Pipe Appurtenances 976.15 Other Approach about Piping 1036.16 "Merging" Pipes 1036.17 Wrapping-Up: Addressing Requirements of Pipe during the Life Span 1036.18 Transferring Bulk Solid Materials 104Reference 1047 Manual Valves and Automatic Valves 1057.1 Valve Naming 1057.2 Valve Functions 1057.3 Valve Structure 1057.4 Classification of Valves 1057.5 Valve Operators 1107.6 Different Types of Actuators 1117.7 Basis of Operation for Automatic Valves 1127.8 Tagging Automatic Valves 1137.9 Tagging Manual Valves 1137.10 Valve Positions 1137.11 Valve Arrangement 1177.12 Control Valves and RO Combinations 1197.13 Operating in the Absence of Valves 1197.14 Valves in Role of Unit Operation 1227.15 Special Valves 1237.16 Valve Combinations 1267.17 End of Valve Arrangements 1267.18 Valve Sizing Rule of Thumbs 1277.19 Merging Valves 1277.20 Wrapping Up: Addressing Requirements of Valve During the Life Span 127References 1288 Provisions for Ease of Maintenance 1298.1 Introduction 1298.2 Different Types of Equipment Care 1298.3 In-place In-line Equipment Care 1298.4 In-place Off-line Equipment Care 1308.5 In-workshop Off-line Equipment Care 1318.6 Preparing Equipment for Off-line Care 1318.7 Isolation 1318.8 Bringing the Equipment to a Non-harmful Condition 1368.9 Cleaning 1398.10 Ultimate Destination of Dirty Fluids 1408.11 Making Equipment Easy to Remove 1418.12 Wrap-up 1429 Containers 1439.1 Introduction 1439.2 Selection of Containers 1439.3 Containers Purposes 1449.4 Transferring Fluids Between Containers 1459.5 Container Positions 1469.6 Container Shapes 1479.7 Container Identifiers 1489.8 Levels in Non-flooded Liquid Containers 1519.9 Container Nozzles 1519.10 Overflow Nozzles 1579.11 Breathing of Non-flooded Containers 1589.12 Blanketed Tanks 1609.13 Heating (or Cooling) in Containers 1619.14 Mixing in Containers 1629.15 Container Internals 1629.16 Tank Roofs 1629.17 Tank Floors 1639.18 Container Arrangement 1649.19 Merging Containers 1649.20 Secondary Containment 1659.21 Underground Storage Tanks 1669.22 Sumps 1679.23 Wrapping- up: Addressing the Requirements of the Container During its Lifespan 16710 Pumps and Compressors 16910.1 Introduction 16910.2 Fluid Mover Roles 16910.3 Types of Fluid Movers 16910.4 A Brief Discussion on the Function of Fluid Movers in a System 16910.5 Fluid Mover Identifiers 17110.6 Liquid Movers: Dynamic Pumps 17310.7 Liquid Movers: PD Pumps 19010.8 Gas Movers: Fans, Blowers, Compressors 19610.9 Wrapping-up: Addressing Requirements of Fluid Movers During the Life Span 200Reference 20011 Heat Transfer Units 20111.1 Introduction 20111.2 Main Types of Heat Transfer Units 20111.3 Different Types of Heat Exchangers and Their Selection 20211.4 Different Types of Heat Transfer Fluids and Their Selection 20311.5 Heat Exchangers: General Naming 20411.6 Heat Exchanger Identifiers 20411.7 Heat Exchanger P&ID 20611.8 Heat Exchanger Arrangement 20711.9 Aerial Coolers 20911.10 Merging Heat Exchangers 21211.11 Wrapping-up: Addressing the Requirements of a Heat Exchanger During its Life Span 21211.12 Fired Heaters and Furnaces 21311.13 Fire Heater Arrangement 21511.14 Merging Fired Heaters 21611.15 Wrapping-up: Addressing the Requirements of Fired Heaters During their Lifespan 21612 Pressure Relief Devices 21712.1 Introduction 21712.2 Why Pressure Is So Important? 21712.3 Dealing with Abnormal Pressures 21712.4 Safety Relief System 21912.5 What Is an "Enclosure," and Which "Side" Should Be Protected? 22012.6 Regulatory Issues Involved in PRVs 22012.7 PRD Structure 22212.8 Six Steps to Providing a Protective Layer 22212.9 Locating PRDs 22312.10 Positioning PRDs 22312.11 Specifying the PRD 22512.12 Selecting the Right Type of PRD 22512.13 PRD Identifiers 22612.14 Selecting the Right Type of PRD Arrangement 22812.15 Deciding on an Emergency Release Collecting Network 23012.16 Deciding on a Disposal System 23212.17 Protecting Atmospheric Containers 23512.18 Merging PRDs 23612.19 Wrapping-Up: Addressing the Requirements of PRDs During their Lifespan 238Part III Instrumentation and Control System 23913 Fundamentals of Instrumentation and Control 24113.1 What Is Process Control? 24113.2 Components of Process Control Against Violating Parameters 24113.3 Parameters Versus Steering/Protecting Components 24213.4 How Many Steering Loops Are Needed? 24213.5 ICSS System Technology 24313.6 ICSS Elements 24513.7 Basic Process Control System (BPCS) 24513.8 Instruments on P&IDs 24713.9 Instrument Identifiers 24813.10 Signals: Communication Between Instruments 25213.11 Different Instrument Elements 25513.12 Simple Control Loops 26413.13 Position of Sensor Regarding Control Valves 26614 Application of Control Architectures 26914.1 Introduction 26914.2 Control System Design 26914.3 Selecting the Parameter to Control 26914.4 Identifying the Manipulated Stream 27014.5 Determining the Set Point 27114.6 Building a Control Loop 27214.7 Multi-Loop Control Architectures 27414.8 Feedforward Plus Feedback Control 27614.9 Monitoring Parameters 28915 Plant Process Control 29315.1 Introduction 29315.2 Plant-Wide Control 29315.3 Heat and Mass Balance Control 29315.4 Surge Control 29515.4.6 The Purpose of Containers in Process Plants 30115.5 Equipment Control 30215.6 Pipe Control System 30415.7 Fluid Mover Control System 30915.8 Heat Transfer Equipment Control 32015.9 Container Control System 33115.10 Blanket Gas Control Systems 332Reference 33216 Plant Interlocks and Alarms 33316.1 Introduction 33316.2 Safety Strategies 33316.3 Concept of a SIS 33316.4 SIS Actions and SIS Types 33316.5 SIS Extent 33616.6 Deciding on the Required SIS 33616.7 The Anatomy of a SIS 33616.8 Showing Safety Instrumented Functions on P&IDs 34016.9 Discrete Control 34316.10 Alarm System 34416.11 Fire and Gas Detection System (FGS) 34716.12 Electric Motor Control 351Part IV Utilities 35717 Utilities 35917.1 Utility System Components 35917.2 Developing P&IDs for Utility Systems 35917.3 Different Utilities in Plants 36317.4 Air as a Utility in Process Plants 36317.5 Water as a Utility in Process Plants 36417.6 Heat Transfer Media 36417.7 Condensate Collection Network 36617.8 Fuel as Utility 36617.9 Inert Gas 36717.10 Vapor Collection Network 36717.11 Emergency Vapor/Gas Release Collection Network 36817.12 Fire Water 36817.13 Surface Drainage Collection Network or Sewer System 37017.14 Utility Circuits 37217.15 Connection Between Distribution and Collecting Networks 375Part V Additional Information and General Procedure 37918 Ancillary Systems and Additional Considerations 38118.1 Introduction 38118.2 Safety Issues 38118.3 Dealing with Environment 38418.3.4 Summary of Insulation 39018.4 Utility Stations 39018.5 Off-Line Monitoring Programs 39218.6 Corrosion Monitoring Program 39618.7 Impact of the Plant Model on the P&ID 39718.8 Design Pressure and Temperature Considerations 39819 General Procedures 40519.1 Introduction 40519.2 General Procedure for P&ID Development 40519.3 P&ID Reviewing and Checking 40919.4 Methods of P&ID Reviewing and Checking 41219.5 Required Quality of P&IDs at Each Stage of Development 41320 Examples 417Index 453

O autorze

Moe Toghraei is an independent consultant and instructor. He has more than 20 years of experience in the chemical process industries. He provides consultancy in process and project engineering areas. He also has developed and instructed dozens of technical courses, including tailor–made courses for companies, public courses and online courses. His online courses are available through the University of Kansas and University of Dalhousie. 

Blurb

An essential guide for developing and interpreting piping and instrumentation drawings

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Development is an important resource that offers the fundamental information needed for designers of process plants as well as a guide for other interested professionals. The author offers a proven, systemic approach to present the concepts of P&ID development which previously were deemed to be graspable only during practicing and not through training. 

This comprehensive text offers the information needed in order to create P&ID for a variety of chemical industries such as: oil and gas industries; water and wastewater treatment industries; and food industries. The author outlines the basic development rules of piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) and describes in detail the three main components of a process plant: equipment and other process items, control system, and utility system. Each step of the way, the text explores the skills needed to excel at P&ID, includes a wealth of illustrative examples, and describes the most effective practices. 

This vital resource:

• Offers a comprehensive resource that outlines a step–by–step guide for developing piping and instrumentation diagrams
• Includes helpful learning objectives and problem sets that are based on real–life examples
• Provides a wide range of original engineering flow drawing (P&ID) samples
• Includes PDF s that contain notes explaining the reason for each piece on a P&ID and additional samples to help the reader create their own P&IDs

Written for chemical engineers, mechanical engineers and other technical practitioners, Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Development reveals the fundamental steps needed for creating accurate blueprints that are the key elements for the design, operation, and maintenance of process industries.