Piping Engineering: Preventing Fugitive Emission in the Oil and Gas Industry

ISBN-13: 9781119852032 / Angielski / Twarda / 2022 / 400 str.

Karan Sotoodeh

Spis treści

Author Biography ix1 An Introduction to Fugitive Emission, Piping Engineering, and LDAR 11.1 Introduction to Fugitive Emission 11.2 Introduction to Piping Engineering 51.3 Causes of Piping Failure and Leakage 81.4 Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) 131.4.1 Composite Repair 141.4.2 Mechanical Clamp Repair 141.4.3 Welded Leak Box Repair 151.4.4 External Weld Overlay 161.4.5 Sleeve Repair 171.5 Questions and Answers 18Further Readings 212 Piping Pressure Design to Prevent Leakage and Emission 232.1 Introduction to Piping Design 232.2 Piping and Pipeline Wall Thickness Calculation 232.2.1 Piping Wall Thickness Calculation as per ASME B31.3 232.2.2 Pipeline Wall Thickness Calculation 322.3 Pipe Fittings Wall Thickness/Pressure Rating 512.4 Flange Pressure Rating and Thickness Selection 592.5 Questions and Answers 70Further Readings 843 Piping Stress Analysis to Prevent Operational Failure 873.1 Introduction to Piping Stress Analysis 873.2 Principal Piping Stresses 873.3 Sustained Loads 963.4 Occasional Loads 1063.4.1 Earthquake and Blast Load 1063.4.2 Wind Load 1093.5 Displacement Stress 1113.5.1 Stress Intensification Factor (SIF) 1273.6 Piping Reaction Forces 1333.6.1 Pressure Safety/Relief Valve Reaction Force 1333.6.2 Slug Flow Reaction Force 1383.6.3 Water Hammering Load Calculation 1433.7 Conclusion 1453.8 Questions and Answers 146Further Readings 1534 Piping Flange Joints 1554.1 Introduction 1554.2 Flanges 1574.2.1 Flange Standards 1574.2.2 Flange Types 1624.2.3 Flange Faces 1754.2.4 Flange Surface (Face) Finish 1844.2.5 Flange Identification 1854.2.6 Flange Installation 1854.3 Gaskets 1904.3.1 Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets 1914.3.2 Semimetallic Gaskets 1924.3.3 Metallic Gaskets 1964.4 Bolting (Bolts and Nuts) 1974.4.1 Bolt Tightening 2044.5 Mechanical Joints (Hubs and Clamps) 2104.6 Compact Flanges 2124.7 Questions and Answers 216Appendix A 220Further Readings 2235 Piping Flange Joint Calculations 2275.1 Introduction 2275.2 Bolt Length Determination and Calculation 2285.2.1 Long Bolt Length Calculation for Wafer Body Valves 2365.2.2 Long Bolt Length Calculation for Flanges with Line Blanks 2395.3 Flange Leakage Analysis 2455.3.1 Bolting Characteristics 2475.3.2 Gasket Behavior 2535.3.3 Combination of Bolt Loads and Gasket Reaction 2545.3.4 Flange Loading 2625.3.5 Pressure Equivalent Method 2695.4 Questions and Answers 270Appendix A 275Further Readings 2776 Piping Material Selection and Corrosion Prevention 2796.1 Introduction 2796.2 Onshore Pipeline 2816.2.1 Onshore Pipeline Material Selection 2816.2.2 External Corrosion 2826.2.3 Pipeline External Corrosion Protection 2846.2.4 Pipeline Internal Corrosion Types and Mitigation 2876.3 Onshore Piping 3016.3.1 Onshore Piping Material Selection 3016.3.2 Onshore Piping Corrosion Types 3156.4 Offshore Piping 3176.4.1 Offshore Piping Material Selection 3176.4.2 Offshore Piping Corrosion Study 3206.5 Questions and Answers 322Further Readings 3277 Piping Component Selection and Identification 3297.1 Introduction and Overview 3297.2 Pipe 3297.3 Pipe Fittings 3317.3.1 Fittings for Piping Route Change 3317.3.2 Fittings for Pipe Size Change 3367.3.3 Fittings for Branching 3417.3.4 Fittings for Pipe Termination or Blinding 3527.4 Questions and Answers 356Further Readings 3618 Piping Fabrication, Inspection, and Testing 3638.1 Introduction and Overview 3638.2 Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection 3638.2.1 Welding 3678.3 Inspection 3788.3.1 Introduction 3788.3.2 Welding Inspection 3798.4 Piping Pressure Test 3858.4.1 Test Media 3868.4.2 Test Preparation 3878.4.3 Test Implementation 3878.5 Questions and Answers 389Further Readings 393Index 395

O autorze

Karan Sotoodeh, PhD, has worked as a Valve and Actuator Senior/Lead Engineer for Baker Hughes in Oslo, Norway. He received his doctorate from the University of Stavanger and has published approximately 30 peer-reviewed papers and a book about piping and valves.