Pictorial Information Systems in Medicine

ISBN-13: 9783642823862 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 528 str.

Karl H. Hohne; Karl H. Hohne

Opis

This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Pictorial Information Systems in Medicine" held August 27-September 7, 1984 in Hotel Maritim, Braunlage/Harz, Federal Republic of Germany. The program committee of the institute consisted of KH Hohne (Director), G. T Herman, G. S. Lodwick, and D. Meyer-Ebrecht. The organization was in the hands of Klaus Assmann and Fritz Bocker In the last decade medical imaging has undergone a rapid development New imaging modalities such as Computer Tomography (CT), Digital Angiography (DSA) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were developed using the capabilities of modern computers. In a modern hospital these technologies produce already more then 25% of image data in digital form. This format lends itself to the design of computer assisted Information systems Integrating data acquisition, presentation, communi cation and archiving for all modalities and users within a department or even a hospital. Advantages such as rapid access to any archived Image, synoptic presentation, computer assisted image analysis to name only a few, are expected. The design of such pictorial information systems, however, often called PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems) In the medical community is a non-trivial task involving know-how from many disciplines such as - Medicine (especially Radiology), - Data Base Technology, - Computer Graphics, - Man Machine Interaction, - Hardware Technology and others. Most of these disCiplines are represented by disjunct scientific communities."

Spis treści

Long Papers.- Radiological Background.- Pictorial Information Systems and Radiology Improving the Quality of Communications.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Radiology Information management and costs.- 3. File management.- 4. Communications problems with referring physicians.- 5. How can we improve communications in Radiology?.- 6. Advantages of PACS.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- Image Acquisition Devices and Their Application to Diagnostic Medicine.- Devices and applications.- 1. Light and photoelectronic imaging devices.- a. Types.- b. Applications.- 2. X-ray imaging devices and systems for radiology.- a. Shadowgraphs.- b. Device structures.- c. Subtraction imaging.- References.- Information System Aspects.- Integrated Hospital Information Systems.- 1. On data in a hospital and their use.- 2. The concept HIS and its position in the hospital.- 3. Integration.- 4. Application of a HIS.- 5. Performance aspects.- 6. Data protection aspects.- 7. An example of a HIS.- 8. Costs of a hospital information system.- 9. Benefits and evaluation.- 10. Lessons to be learned.- 11. On the relations between a HIS and a PACS.- 12. Further HIS developments and problems involved.- References.- On the Architecture for Pictorial Information Systems.- Basic ideas on Architecture.- The particular role of architecture in the medical image domain.- A modelling concept.- An overall PACS philosophy.- A hierarchical image mass storage concept.- A unifying image coding concept.- A modular image processor architecture for high power work stations.- References.- Aspects of Image Presentation.- Three-Dimensional Computer Graphic Display in Medicine: The MIPG Perspective.- Discrete 3D scenes.- Objects and their surfaces.- Surface detection of 1-objects in binary scenes.- Display of object surfaces.- Recent advances in the cuberille approach.- The computer program 3D83.- Summary.- References.- Psychovisual Issues in the Display of Medical Images.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Spatial issues of display.- 3. Intensity issues of display.- 4. Other visual dimensions: Motion and 3D.- 5. Summary.- References.- Systems for 3D Display in Medical Imaging.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Reflective display systems.- 3. Self-luminous display systems.- 4. Conclusion.- References.- Computer Science Tools.- Issues in the Design of Human-Computer Interfaces.- 1. The computer-driven screen as a communications medium.- 2. Survey and classification of errors .·.- 3. An interactive system as seen by the user.- 4. Is a standard man-machine interface possible?.- 5. Programming the man-machine interface.- References.- Programming Support for Data-Intensive Applications.- 1. Introduction: database programming.- 2. A programmer’s approach to the relational model of data.- 3. Some high level language constructs for relations.- 4. Support for database integrity, recovery and concurrency.- 5. Requirements for compound object modelling.- 6. Extended constructs for compound object definition.- 7. Extended constructs for compound object operation.- 8. Concluding remarks.- References.- Knowledge-Based and Expert Systems: Representation and Use of Knowledge.- 1. Introduction.- 2. An overview of knowledge-based and expert systems.- 3. Representation and use of knowledge.- 4. A special application: a pictorial knowledge-based system.- 5. Results and future aspects.- References.- Software Tools for the Development of Pictorial Information Systems in Medicine - The ISQL Experience -.- 1. Objectives and Problems.- 2. The ISQL Approach.- 3. PACS - Functions, Concepts and Realization with the tool ISQL.- 1. Integration into the departmental or hospital organization.- 2. Management of images.- 3. Human computer communication.- 4. User environments.- 5. Further developments.- 6. Software properties of the tool ISQL.- 4. Conclusion.- References.- First Experiences.- Experience with a Prototype PACS System in a Clinical Environment.- On-line radiology networking.- Daily generation of digital data.- Daily requirements of digital transmission.- Interactive diagnosis display station.- Hard copy recording.- Long-term archiving.- PACS standards.- Summary.- References.- Short Papers.- Radiological Aspects.- Recent Developments in Digital Radiology.- The Future of Digital Computers in Medical Imaging.- System Design.- Looking Back at PACS Attempts - What has Happened Since PACS I.- Design Considerations for Multi- Modality Medical Image Workstations.- Medical Work Stations in Radiology.- The Dimi System Philosophy and State of Development.- Image Presentation.- Interactive Display of 3D Medical Objects.- Presentation and Perception of 3D Images.- Experiments with Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Ventriculograms using automatic contour detection.- Systematic Use of Colour in Biomedical Data Display.- Diverse Applications.- 3D Model of Vertebra for Spinal Surgery.- Correlation Between CT, NMR and PT. Findings in the Brain.- Digital Imaging for Planning of Radiation Therapy — Practical Considerations.- Author Index.