Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference: Proceedings of the International Conference, Held at Cannes, France, 27-31 October 1980

ISBN-13: 9789400984257 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 1176 str.

Willeke Palz

Opis

In the Last few years, much progress has been made in Learning how to use soLar energy. In photovoLtaics the prospects Look brighter every year and as a resuLt of this, photovoLtaic conferences are attracting increasing interest from the pubLic. The 1980 PhotovoLtaic SoLar Energy Conference in Cannes was the third organized by the Commission of the European Communities since 1977. With more than 700 participants from aLL over the worLd, it was the biggest heLd to date in Europe on photovoLtaics. These proceedings reproduce the SS invited and more than 120 submitted papers which have been presented during the conference. In generaL, these papers were of very high quaLity; they provide a comprehensive overview of the curren~ status and future prospects of photovoLtaics. I take this opportunity to thank the Commissariat a L'Energie SoLaire in Paris and the Institute of ELectricaL and ELectronic Engineers in New York for their cooperation in organizing this very successfuL conference. WoLfgang PaLz Conference Chairman -ili- Exhibition on the roof of the Palais des Festivals Exhibition, Commission's booth -~- CONFERENCE COMMITTEE G.neral Chairman Dr. C. J. Bishop Solar Energy Research Inst., Golden Dr. W. Palz Colorado, U.S.A.

Spis treści

Opening Session.- Introductory speech.- Keynote address: The future of photovoltaics in Europe.- Photovoltaics program overview.- United Nations conference on new and renewable sources of energy.- Session 1, Goals, Markets, Obstacles.- Sunshine project solar photovoltaic program and recent R&D activities in Japan.- The residential use of photovoltaics.- Photovoltaic activities within the United States electric utility industry.- Utility aspects of photovoltaics in Europe.- Environmental, health, and safety aspects of photovoltaics.- Le rôle de la technologie photovoltaïque dans le changement de société en Europe.- Photovoltaic activities and its applications in China.- U.S. Photovoltaic application experiments and market development.- Session 2. Prospects for Photovoltaics in Developing Countries.- Prospects for photovoltaics in the Arab world.- The prospects for photovoltaics in Mexico.- Evaluation des systèmes et équipements photovoltaïques utilisés dans les PVD.- UNESCO’s involvement in furthering photovoltaics in developing countries.- The use of photovoltaic pumps for small-scale irrigation in the developing world: a progress report on the UNDP/World Bank project.- An American view of photovoltaics in developing countries.- L’expérience française en matière d’utilisation des photopiles dans les pays en voie de développement.- Design, installation and first evaluation of a photovoltaic power plant system for the Indonesian village of Picon in West Java.- Session 3. Strategies for Cost Reduction.- Rôle des gouvernements et développement du marché photovoltaï-que: le cas de la France.- U.S. Department of energy collector cost reduction program.- The solar material market — Projections, needs & commitments.- A French industrialist’s view of strategy for cost reduction.- Industrialization of photovoltaics.- Research on photovoltaic conversion, a guarantee of efficiency for the European solar energy program.- Research options as seen from USA.- Photovoltaic R&D program overview.- Module and solar cell values as function of efficiency.- Monocrystalline silicon sheet production for solar cells by advanced ingot technology.- Czochralski-Silicon solar cell modules: present costs and future prospects.- Session 4. Silicon and Module Developments.- A U.S. view of silicon production processes.- Progress toward goals in silicon sheet development.- The Wacker approach to low-cost silicon material technology.- Ribbons and sheets as an alternative to ingots in solar cell technology.- Directional solidification of MG silicon by heat exchanger method (HEM) for photovoltaic applications.- Advances in silicon solar cell processing.- Comparison of solar cells from nonsingle and single crystalline silicon in a pilot production line.- The annealing of ion-implanted silicon solar cells.- Low-cost solar array project progress and plans.- Photovoltaic testing in the European Communities.- Session 5. Alternative Solar Cells.- The status of amorphous silicon solar cells.- The development of amorphous silicon solar cells.- Development of amorphous Si solar cells in Japan.- Post-hydrogenation of CVD amporphous silicon: a promising preparation process for solar cells.- Properties of fluorinated amorphous silicon solar cells.- Sprayed cadmium sulphide solar cells.- CU2S-CdS sprayed solar cells.- Evaporated Cds-CuXS solar cells.- The need for photovoltaic unit operations experimentation.- MIS and SIS Silicon solar cells: a review.- Session 6. Concentration Devices and Systems.- Operational, reliability, and maintenance experience with photovoltaic concentrator arrays.- Photovoltaic concentrator power station for a village in Saudi Arabia.- Sun tracking controller for multi-kW photovoltaic concentrator system.- Le programme SOPHOCLE.- Parabolic trough concentrators.- New concepts for static concentration of direct and diffuse radiation.- Advanced concepts for photovoltaic concentration.- Growth and characterization of cascade solar cells.- On the conversion of solar radiation with fluorescent planar concentrators (FPCs).- Measurement of the spectral response of silicon solar cells under highly illuminated conditions.- Session 7. Current Applications and Test Experience.- Les applications de l’énergie solaire dans les télécommunications.- Experience acquired in the field of low power photovoltaic application to educational television.- The application of photovoltaics to water pumping and irrigation in Africa.- Energie solaire et agriculture.- Optimization of solar pump system without electrical storage.- Cathodic protection of pipelines by photocells.- Photovoltaic systems for cooling applications.- Nouveau système de stockage et de refroidissement primaire du poisson dans les villages de pêcheurs isolés, grâce à l’énergie solaire.- Current photovoltaics applications — Transport.- Experimental study of disequilibriums in photovoltaic solar arrays.- Effect of partial shadowing on solar panels — Hot spot or breakdown?.- Session 8. Advanced Systems and Future Applications.- Survey of residential and intermediate photovoltaic applications.- Analysis of a 60 kW photovoltaic power plant after the first year of operation.- Photovoltaic pilot projects in the European Community.- Photovoltaics in the context of off-grid small power systems.- A 50 kW photovoltaic power plant coupled to the 15000 V electricity grid.- Hardware simulation of a scaled down photovoltaic power system.- Group P1. Goals, Markets, Obstacles.- Status of the German terrestrial photovoltaic activites.- Group P2. Prospects for Photovoltaics in Developing Countries.- An appraisal of stand-alone photovoltaic systems for rural applications.- Group P4. Silicon and Module Development.- Silicon Material.- Current status of solar cell performances of unconventional silicon sheets.- Multiple EFG silicon ribbon technology as the basis for manufacturing low-cost terrestrial solar cells.- Progress in the growth and performance of RAD silicon sheets.- Characterization of RAD polysilicon sheets using the SEM in the EBIC mode and the photoelectrochemical cell.- Evaluation of silicon-on-ceramic material for low-cost solar cells.- Epitaxial growth of silicon by CVD in a hot-wall furnace.- Applicability of vaccum deposited silicon layers for solar cells.- Characterization of plasma-sprayed silicon layers as possible base material for solar cell fabrication.- Silicon bicrystal: growth and characterization.- Behaviour of multicrystalline silicon.- Study of the elaboration of semicrystalline silicon ingots.- New wire silicon slicing technology for solar cell.- Cell Processing.- Development of large area, low-cost, solar cell processing sequence.- Development of low cost polycrystalline silicon solar cells for terrestrial applications.- Passivation of grain boundaries in polycrystalline solar cells.- Optimized diffusion parameters for cells made by columnar silicon.- Direct coupled microwave thermal processing for photovoltaic device fabrication.- Doping of silicon by laser-induced diffusion.- Solar cells realized by laser induced diffusion of dopants deposited on silicon surface.- Effects of special processing on diffusion lengths in polycrystalline silicon solar cells.- Scanning spectral response measurements of large grain polysilicon solar cells for process optimization.- An experimental study of Al-alloyed pp+ junctions for BSF solar cells.- The influence of surface conditions on the open circuit voltage of silicon solar cells.- Electrical properties of grain boundaries in nonsingle crystalline silicon solar cells.- Screenable all-metal solar cell electrodes of nickel and copper.- Reliable screen-printed contacts on silicon solar cells.- Silicon solar cells with nickel/solder metallization.- Status, technology and development of silicon solar cells at INER.- Ion Implantation.- A simplified ion implantation system for solar cell production.- Laser processing for high efficiency solar cells.- Application of laser annealing to solar cell junction formation.- Laser-annealed silicon solar cells: a comparison between ion-beam and glow discharge implantation.- The effects of laser and electron beam annealing on ion implanted silicon solar cells.- Modules.- Comparative study of the thermal characteristics of various solar cell module structures.- Testing.- Terrestrial photovoltaic performance reference conditions.- Current United States activities in photovoltaics consensus standards.- Methodology for a reliability study on photovoltaic modules.- Optical measurement of cell temperature in a solar array.- Natural sunlight accelerated weathering of photovoltaic modules.- Late news poster: The procedure to generate secondary standard solar cells with semi-absolute spectral response.- Group P 5. Alternative Solar Cells.- Cadmium Sulphide.- Surface properties of Cu2-xS and its influence on the performance of frontwall Cu2-xS-CdS thin film solar cells.- An EBIC study of the CdS-Cu2S photovoltaic cell.- Transparent, conductive layers of sprayed indium tin oxide in backwall Cu2S-CdS cells.- Influence of the carrier concentration of CdS on the properties of dry process Cu2S-CdS solar cell.- CdZnS-Cu2S thin film solar cells.- Cu2S/Znx Cd1-xS heterojunction solar cells formed on sprayed ZnxCd1-xS films.- Heterojunction energy band lineups in Cd1-xZnxS/Cu2S solar cells.- Integrated Cu S-CdS thin film solar cell panels with higher output voltages.- Amorphous Silicon.- Analysis of parameters limiting the conversion efficiency of a-Si:H photovoltaic cells.- Hydrogenated a-Si multi-junction solar cells and interference effects in the spectral response.- Hydrogenated amorphous silicon Schottky barriers diodes.- Further optimization of amorphous hydrogenated silicon films for solar cells by the use of r.f. bias-sputtering.- Control of properties of amorphous silicon films by defined variation of plasma parameters.- Electrical properties of hydrogenated amorphous Si1-xGex alloys.- Amorphous Si{1-x} Ge for high performance solar cell.- Late news poster: Infrared absorption in magnetron sputtered a-Si:H films: Experiments using shields to resolve Si:Hx formation mechanisms.- Mis.- Can recombination via interfacial states in MIS solar cells be of advantage?.- Properties of semitransparent films of low work function metals for MIS solar cells.- Efficient solar cells on polycrystalline and highly defected substrates using ion sputtered indium tin oxide.- Tin oxide — silicon dioxide — silicon MIS solar cells.- Application of amorphous silicon nitride for MIS/inversion layer solar cells.- Properties of CdSe-MIS solar cells.- Other Alternatives.- Evaluation of electrodeposited cadmium telluride solar cells.- Theoretical and experimental study of quantum and energy conversion efficiency in CdTe p-n junctions.- Solar cells based on indium phosphide.- n ITO spray / p InP solar cells.- Copper indium diselenide for CdS: CuInSe2 solar cells.- Indium selenide solar cells.- Characterization of n-CdS/p-Si heterojunction solar cells.- Performance of ultra high efficiency thin germanium p-n junction solar cells intended for solar thermophotovoltaic application.- Fundamental Studies.- Thermodynamic limitations of direct solar energy conversion.- Thermodynamical limits to photovoltaic solar energy conversion efficiency.- Theoretical and experimental analysis of solar cell open circuit voltage decay. Emitter, base lifetime and gap narrowing measurements.- Quantitative model of influence of grain boundaries on the junctions space charge.- Computer-aided analysis of the short circuit current of MIS solar cells. Application for the determination of minority carrier diffusion lengths for conventional solar cells from spectral response measurements.- Non-ideal current-voltage characteristics.- New organic material for electronic device improvement.- Group P 6. Concentration Devices and Systems.- Solar Cells for Concentration.- Low resistance solar cells for the first Spanish concentrating photovoltaic array.- Temperature effects in silicon concentration solar cells.- High efficiency large area AlGaAs/GaAs concentrator solar cells.- Concentrators.- Study and tests of a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal concentrating collector.- Optical characteristics of the dispersion concentrator and its influence on photovoltaic systems.- High efficiency GaAs photovoltaic solar systems.- Concentrator Modules and Systems.- Automated concentrator cell module assembly.- Construction and testing of experimental plants using solar cells and concentrators.- Performances of photovoltaic concentration module consisting of silicon solar cells with a facet cylindrical mirror “coss”.- Multibandgap cells in a thermophotovoltaic system.- Description of a concentrating photovoltaic energy system for Wilcox Memorial Hospital on Kauai.- Group P 7. Current Applications and Test Experience.- Centres de réception communautaire de télévision alimentés par générateurs solaires au Niger. Réémetteurs de télévision alimentés par les énergies nouvelles en France.- Solar cell/battery plants for telecommunication systems in Denmark-Development of a test facility.- The 5 kW generator at the Alpine refuge “Les Evettes” -operating data.- Optimization of the P.V. array-load energy transfer by means of an electronic adaptator.- Photovoltaic power generation system interconnected with mains.- Power conditioning unit for photovoltaic power systems.- Group P 8. Advanced Systems and Future Applications.- System Design.- An analytical approach of a photovoltaic water pumping system.- Recherche de la puissance optimale délivrée par un générateur photovoltaïque à l’aide d’un dispositif microprogramme.- Pilot installation for small power photovoltaic systems.- Improvements of efficiency of solar powered pumps.- New type of transformerless high efficiency inverter.- Applications.- Future of photovoltaics for residential applications in France.- Considerations on the feasibility of a 1 mWp central PV plant to be tied to the European electrical network.- Station mixte éolienne photovoltaïque pour un village du Sénégal.- The ACEC “ESPOIR” and “SPES” systems.- Late News Papers.- Thin-film polycrystalline (CdZn)S/Cu2S solar cells of 10% conversion efficiency.- Recent developments in thermophotovoltaic conversion.- High efficiency silicon solar cells.- List of Participants.- Index of Authors.