Pharmacodynamic Models of Selected Toxic Chemicals in Man: Volume 2: Routes of Intake and Implementation of Pharmacodynamic Models

ISBN-13: 9789401083492 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 418 str.

A. D. Smith; M. C. Thorne

Opis

This report contains the results of a study undertaken by Associated Nuclear Services (ANS) for the Directorate General of Employment, Social Affairs and Education of the Commission of the European Communities (CEC). This study was entitled "Dynamics of Selected Toxic Materials in Man." vii 2 Summary This report presents results from the second phase of a study on the metabolism of selected actual and potential human carcin ogens. In the first phase of this work a comprehensive review of literature relating to the metabolism of these materials was under taken and pharmacokinetic models were proposed to represent that meta bolism. It was suggested that these models, and the reviews on which they were based, would provide information relevant to the development of monitoring programmes and in the interpretation of dose-response data. In the second phase of the study, attention has been concen trated on the implementation of the models proposed for the various substances reviewed, i.e. arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, asbestos, benzene, vinyl chloride monomer, benzidine and its congeners, carbon tetrachloride and methyl iodide. However, this programme has been supplemented by an on-going review of the relevant literature on these substances and a detailed analysis of the applica bili ty of the pharmacokinetic models used for the organs of intake, i.e. the lung and gastrointestinal tract."

Spis treści

4 Review of Recent Literature.- 4.1 Arsenic.- 4.2 Beryllium.- 4.3 Cadmium.- 4.4 Lead.- 4.5 Nickel.- 4.6 Chromium.- 4.7 Asbestos.- 4.8 Benzene.- 4.9 Vinyl chloride.- 4.10 Benzidine.- 4.11 Carbon tetrachloride.- 4.12 Methyl iodide.- 4.13 References.- 5 Model of GI Tract.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Physiology and anatomy of the GI tract.- 5.3 Gastrointestinal transit.- 5.4 Absorption and retention of material by the intestinal wall.- 5.5 Modelling retention in the gastrointestinal tract.- 5.6 References.- 6 Modelling the Deposition and Retention of Particulate Materials in the Lung.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 The anatomy and physiology of the respiratory tract.- 6.3 Deposition.- 6.4 Clearance.- 6.5 Model structure.- 6.6 References.- 7 Method of Calculation.- 7.1 General description of the model.- 7.2 The computer code MOSAIC.- 7.3 The computer code GRAPH.- 7.4 References.- 8 Implications of Different Regions of Exposure.- 8.1 Description of the exposure regimes.- 8.2 Discussion of results.- 8.3 References.- 9 Conclusions and Recommendations.- 10 Acknowledgements.- Appendices.- A Computer programs for evaluating the implications of different exposure regions.- B Graphical output of simulations of the model.