Periodic Table with Nuclides and Reference Data

ISBN-13: 9783642510595 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 452 str.

K. Yoshihara; H. Kudo; T. Sekine

Opis

There are many kinds of nuc1ear data books; however some are too much specialized, while others have an arrangement of information which is inconvenient for students to use. With this book, we want to amend these situations. Handbooks of natural sciences must be exact and fair in their presentation of materials and they must be logical and convenient to use. If the users can develop new ideas or gain new insights from the books, they can be judged as valuable. The role of handbooks is not only to give a systematic representation of past knowledge, but also to serve as a basis for intellectual activity leading to future development. The purpose of this data book arises from the points described above. The chart of the nuc1ides which is frequently consulted by radioisotope users is not always convenient. By comparison, our Periodic Table with Nuc1ides has been devised with this in mind. It has been our experience that properties of a desired nuclide could be found in a much shorter time in the Periodic Table with Nuc1ides than in other nuc1ide charts. Additionally, by placing the -stabi1ity line within the nuc1ides in the table, the users may derive unam biguous ideas on the stability of the nuc1ides and the paths related to the creation of stable elements in the universe."

Spis treści

1 Periodic Table with Nuclides.- 1.1. Basic knowledge of atomic nuclei and nuclear stability.- 1.2. Periodic Table with Nuclides: Its outline and explanation for users.- Fig. I.1. Periodic Table with Nuclides.- Table I.1. Stabilities of Isobaric Nuclides.- 2 Nuclear Properties, Disintegration and Standards.- 2.1. Nuclear properties.- 2.2. Radioactive disintegration and standards.- Table II.1. Nuclear Properties of Nuclides.- Table II.2. Energies and intensities of ?-rays emitted from radioactive nuclides.- Fig. II. 1. Natural Radioactive Series of Heavy Elements.- Table II.3. ?-Particle Energies and Intensities for Nuclides.- Table II.4. Electron Binding Energies.- Fig. II.2. Origin of X-ray Spectra.- Table II.5. X-Ray Energies and Intensities.- Fig. II.3. ?-Ray Spectrum of the Standard 152 Eu.- Table II.6. ?-Ray Energy Standards.- Table II.7. ?-Particle Energy Standards.- Table II.8. ?-Particle Energy Standards.- Table II.9. Internal Conversion Standards.- 3 Nuclear Reactions.- 3.1. Nuclear reactions compared with chemical reactions.- 3.2. Experimental features of nuclear reactions.- 3.3. Production of radioisotopes and transuranium elements.- Fig. III. 1. Reaction Cross Sections — Smoothed Approximation as Functions of Mass and Energy.- Table III. 1. Reaction Cross Sections for 14 MeV Neutrons.- Fig. III.2. Neutron Cross Section for Cadmium and Indium.- Fig. III.3. Typical (n, xn’) Reactions and Their Energy and Angular Distributions.- Table III.2. Neutron Capture ?-Rays.- Fig. III.4. Production of Missing Radioactive Series: Neptunium Series (4n + 1) by Reactor Neutron Irradiation.- Fig. III.5. Production of Transuranium Elements by Successive Neutron Capture Accompanied by ?-Decay in a Nuclear Reactor.- Fig. III.6. Mass-Yield Curves for Neutron Fission of Heavy Nuclides.- Table III.3. Fission Product Chains and Their Yields in Termal Neutron Fission of 235U.- Fig. III.7. Proton-Induced Fission Cross Section.- Table III.4. Production of Radionuclides by Thermal Neutron Capture-(n,?) Reactions.- Table III.5. Production of Radionuclides by Thermal Neutrons-(n,p) and (n,?) Reactions.- 4 Interaction of Radiation with Matter and Its Detection.- 4.1. Interaction of radiation with matter.- 4.2. Radiation detection.- Fig. IV. 1. Range and Stopping Power for Electrons in Liquid Hydrogen, Water, Beryllium and Aluminium.- Fig. IV.2. Range and Stopping Power for Heavy Charged Particles.- Fig. IV.3. Absorption of Photons in Matter.- Table IV. 1. Total Absorption Coefficient ? (cm2/g) and Energy Absorption Coefficient ?en (cm2/g) for Photons.- Fig. IV.4, Dose Bild-up Factor (B) for ?-Rays in Matter as a Function of ?l.- Fig. IV.5. Dose Bild-up Factor (B) for ?-Rays in Matter as a Function of Atomic Number (Z).- Fig. IV.6. Backscattering of ?-Particles.- Fig. IV.7. Attenuation of Fast Neutrons in Cylindrical Containers of Paraffin and Water.- Table IV2. Efficiency (Absolute) of NaI (T1) Detectors.- Fig. IV.8. Peak/Total Ratio for a 3? Diameter x 3? Height NaI (T1) Crystal.- Fig. IV.9. Ge(Li) Detector Efficiency for ?-Rays.- Fig. IV. 10. Relative Efficiency Curve for a 29 cm3 Ge(Li) Detector.- 5 Radioactive Nuclides in Chemistry and Related Fields.- 5.1. Radioactive nuclides as tracers and nuclear probes.- 5.2. Isotope dilution analysis.- 5.3. Radioactivation analysis.- 5.4. Hot atom chemistry.- 5.5. Mössbauer spectroscopy.- Fig. V.1. Elements Determined Substoichiometrically.- Table V.1. A Survey of Substoichiometry.- Fig. V.2. Neutron Activation Analysis of Elements.- Table V.2. Sensitivity of Radioactivation Analysis by Slow Neutrons in a Nuclear Reactor.- Fig. V.3. Chemical Effects of Nuclear Transformations.- Fig. V4. Charge Distribution After Nuclear Transformations.- Table V.3. Typical Examples of Chemical Effects of Nuclear Transformations.- Table V.4. Chemical Effects of Nuclear Decay.- Table V.5. Ion Implantation and Recoil Implantation.- Fig. V.5. Elements Studied by Mössbauer Spectroscopy.- Table V.6. Table of Nuclear Data for Mössbauer Transitions.- Table V.7. Nuclides Available for PAC Experiments.- 6 Nuclear Fusion in Science and Technology.- Table VI.1. Thermonuclear Reactions.- Table VI.2. Tritium Production Reactions.- Table VI.3. Characteristics of Recoil Tritium Produced by Thermal Neutron Irradiation.- Table VI.4. Radioactive Decay Characteristics of Tritium.- Table VI.5. Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrogen Isotopes.- Table VI.6. Thermodynamics Properties of Oxides of Hydrogen Isotopes.- Table VI.7. Vapor Pressure and Heat of Sublimation for Solid Hydrogen Isotopes.- Table VI.8. Vapor Pressure and Heat of Vaporization for Liquid Hydrogen Isotopes.- Table VI.9. Sound Velocity in Gaseous Hydrogen Isotopes.- Table VI.10. Viscosity of Gaseous Hydrogen Isotopes.- Table VI.11. Spectroscopic Constants for Hydrogen Isotopes.- Table VI.12. Perfect Gas Equilibrium Constants for Hydrogen Self-Exchange Reactions.- Table VI.13. Dissociation Pressure of Uranium Tritide.- Table VI.14. Useful Data for Mass Spectrometry with Tritium.- 7 Radioactive Nuclides in Life Science.- Table VII.1. Typical Radiopharmaceuticals and Their Applications.- Table VII.2. Radiation Dose to Adults for Typical Radiopharmaceuticals.- Fig. VII.1. Short-Lived Nuclides for Radiopharmaceuticals.- Table VII.3. Production of Short-Lived Nuclides for Nuclear Medicine.- Table VII.4. Characteristics of Some Medically Important Radionuclides.- Table VII.5. Remaining Parts in Radioactive Decay.- Fig. VII.2. Neutron Dose Effects in Materials.- 8 Environmental radioactivity and radiation safety.- 8.1. Environmental radioactivity.- 8.2. Radiation safety.- Table VIII.1. Isolated Radionuclides in Nature.- Table VIII.2. Light Radionuclides Found in Rain Water (Except for Fission Products).- Fig. VIII.1. ?-Ray Spectra of Natural Uranium with Daughters.- Fig. VIII.2. ?-Ray Spectra of Thorium with Its Daughters.- Table VIII.3. Radiation Exposure for Human Bodies and Its Limits.- Table VIII.4. Internal Exposure in Human Bodies.- Fig. VIII.3. Proton Energy and Exposure Rate Constants T?.- Table VIII.5. Exposure Rate Constants for Nuclides.- Table VIII.6. Annual Limits on Intake by Workers for Various Radionuclides.- 1. Fundamental Constants.- 2. Energy Conversion Factors.- 3. Particle Properties.- 4. Numerical Constants and Exponential Functions.- 5. Statistical Relations for Ordinary Experiments Using Radionuclides.- 6. Formulas.- 7. Units and Specific Terminology on Radioactivity and Radiation.