Peri-Urban Water and Sanitation Services: Policy, Planning and Method

ISBN-13: 9789048194247 / Angielski / Twarda / 2010 / 300 str.

Mathew Kurian; Patricia McCarney

Opis

More than 2.6 billion people in the developing world lack access to safe water and sanitation service. The Millennium Development Goal's (MDG) target is to halve the number of people without access to a sustainable source of water supply and connection to a sewer network by 2015. That target is unlikely to be met. If there is anything that can be learnt from European experience it is that institutional reform occurs incrementally when politically enfranchised urban populations perceive a threat to their material well-being due to contamination of water sources.

Spis treści

Preface by Elinor Ostrom.- Acknowledgements.- List of Contributors.- Abbreviations.- List of Boxes.- List of Figures.- List of Tables.- 1. Introduction - Institutions and Development: A Framework for Understanding Water Services.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Urban Environmental Governance.- 1.2.1 Interdependence of the Water Cycle.- 1.2.2. Architecture of Water Service Provision.- 1.2.3 Governance Arrangements at the Peri-urban Interface.- 1.2.4 Common Pool Resources and Environmental Externalities.- 1.2.5 Institutions and Eonomic Development.- 1.3. Water and Sanitation Services: Infrastructure, Policy and Co-production.- 1.3.1 Equity Effects of Policy Intervention.- 1.3.2 Infrastructure and Contracts.- 1.3.3 Infrastructure: Cost and Price Considerations.- 1.3.4 Co-production and Service Delivery.- 1.4 Approach Adopted by This Book.- 1.4.1 Framework for Understanding Water Services.- 1.4.2 Institutional Environment.- 1.4.3 Contractual Hazards and Credible Commitment.- 1.4.4 The Poor, Decision-making and Path Dependence.- 1.4.5 Time, Space and Information.- 1.4.6 From Development Aid to Cooperation.- 1.4.7 Service Selivery Reform in an Inter-connected World.- 1.4.8 Incremental Reform: Concluding Thoughts.- 1.5 Structure to the Message.- 2. Neither Rural nor Urban: Service Delivery Options that Work for the Peri-urban Poor.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Zooming Out: Beyond the Rural-urban Divide.- 2.3 Emerging Landscapes in the Rural-urban Continuum.- 2.3.1 Shifting Boundaries.- 2.3.2 Spatial Considerations and the Informational City.- 2.3.3 Peri-urbanisation: Trends in Africa, Latin America and Asia.- 2.4 Neither Urban nor Rural: Understanding Change at the Peri-urban Interface.- 2.4.1 Process of Change.- 2.4.2 Need for a Regional Planning Focus.- 2.5 Living Between Two Worlds: The Peri-urbanisation of Poverty.- 2.5.1 Differential Impacts on the Poor in Rural and Urban Areas.- 2.5.2 Decision-making, the Poor and the Political Process.- 2.6 Service Provision at the Peri-urban Interface: Moving Beyond the Public-Private Divide.- 2.6.1 Private Sector Participation and Access of the Poor to Services.- 2.6.2 A Fault Line.- 2.6.3 A Role for Municipalities and Local Governments.- 2.7 Access to Basic Services on the Ground: A Wider Spectrum of Service Providers.- 2.7.1 Beyond International Private Sector Participation?- 2.7.2 A Future for Simplified Sewerage Systems?- 2.7.3 Co-production Options: Hybridity and Informality.- 2.8 Crossing the Public-Private Divide: Rethinking Service Delivery Options that Work for the Peri-urban Poor.- 3. Prospects for Resource Recovery through Wastewater Reuse.- 3.1 Water Scarcity and the Need for Allocation.- 3.2 Water as an Economic Good.- 3.3 Urban Water Use, Sanitation and Wastewater Disposal.- 3.3.1 Urban Water Footprint.- 3.3.2 Water Stress in Cities: Upstream and Downstream Implications of Sanitation Provision.- 3.3.3 Sanitation and Waste Disposal Infrastructure in Cities.- 3.4 Valuing Wastewater as a Resource.- 3.4.1 Definitions of Wastewater and Typology.- 3.4.2 Overview of Planned and Unplanned Use in Agriculture.- 3.4.3 Drivers, Benefits, and Risks of Wastewater Agriculture.- 3.5 Sustainable Approaches to Sanitation and Wastewater Management.- 3.5.1 Design for Service Planning Approach.- 3.5.2 Ecological Sanitation.- 3.6 Conclusions.- 4. Climate-based Risks in Cities.- 4.1 Introduction: Megacities and Climate Risks.- 4.1.1 Climate-induced Urbanisation.- 4.1.2 Climate risks for City Populations and Climate Change.- 4.2 Responses of Municipalities to Climate Risks.- 4.2.1 Municipalities, Climate Risks, Water and Sanitation.- 4.2.2 Floods, Pollution and Health Risks.- 4.2.3 Reduced Water Supplies and Heat.- 4.2.4 Climate Change and Rural-urban Interfaces.- 4.3 Conclusion.- 5. Wastewater Management under the Dutch Water Boards: Any Lessons for Developing Countries?- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Wastewater Treatment in the Netherlands.- 5.2.1 Historical Development.- 5.2.2 Changes in Policy and Legal Framework.-

O autorze

​Dr. Mathew Kurian is Academic Officer and leads the Capacity Development and Governance unit at United Nations University Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources (UNU-FLORES). Prior to joining UNU-FLORES, he served as Senior Water and Sanitation Specialist at Water and Sanitation Programme (WSP) of The World Bank where he led policy advocacy efforts related to rural water supply, wastewater reuse, and climate adaptation options in secondary towns. He began his career as a Robert McNamara Fellow at the World Bank where his work on land tenure reform was hosted by the Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI), New Delhi.

 

Upon completing his PhD in Development Studies from the Institute of Social Studies (ISS), Erasmus University, The Hague, Netherlands, Dr. Kurian was employed as Associate Expert (Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs) at International Water Management Institute (IWMI-CGIAR) where he undertook assessments of soil and water conservation interventions in the Mekong and Nile river basins. In 2009 as member of faculty at UNESCO-IHE, Delft, Dr. Kurian led the development of a policy note on urban sanitation and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for the Directorate General of International Cooperation (DGIS) in the Netherlands. While still at UNESCO-IHE, Dr. Kurian developed an online e-learning course on governance of water and sanitation services in developing countries.

 

He has published in the area of water institutions and policy and has mentored students of the MSc programme in environment and development planning while on the faculty of University College London (UCL). His experience in the field of capacity development includes training civil servants and managers of water utilities in Iran and Tanzania, consulting assignments with the Asian Development Bank (ADB), Philippines and teaching undergraduate courses in human geography at the University of British Columbia (UBC) Vancouver, Canada. In his current function, he leads the design of public policy research, policy advocacy in support of evidence-based decision making and fund raising to support establishment of a nexus observatory network.

Blurb

More than 2.6 billion people in the developing world lack access to safe water and sanitation services. The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target is to halve the number of people without access to improved services such as a sustainable source of water supply and connection to a sewer network by 2015. That target is unlikely to be met. If there is anything that can be learnt from European development experience it is that institutional reform occurs incrementally when politically enfranchised urban populations perceive a threat to their material well-being due to contamination of water sources.   Peri-urban Water and Sanitation Services, a collection of papers initially developed to support a distance-learning course at UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands, challenges professionals to pursue water services dilemmas within a broader developmental framework that addresses issues of autonomy and accountability intrinsic to intergovernmental relations. This book draws on literature at the interface of common pool resources, co-production, new public management and political ecology to discuss important policy concerns that relate to rural-urban transformation, budget support, wastewater reuse and performance benchmarking.   ‘This collection of work by some of the most important researchers on socio-ecological aspects of water and sanitation is timely. By highlighting the importance of behaviour, society and ecology on the management of water and sanitation, the editors are highlighting an area of work that has largely been neglected. For instance, why is it that so many technical fixes exist, and yet in practice, few successful projects are ever brought to scale?’ Mark Redwood, Program Leader, Urban Poverty and Environment Program, International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada   ‘With global urban population now larger than rural, opening of public-private relationships and opportunities, and the globalisation of technology and capital, can needs of citizens for clean and affordable water and sanitation services be met? This book argues that the terrain is rapidly changing and provides an evidence-based approach not only to technology but also to governance systems that mediate access to public services.’             Gita Sen, Professor, Centre for Public Policy, Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India