Contributors viiPreface ixUseful Equivalents and Conversion Factors xiPart V Physical Agents 1Ionizing Radiation 3Herman Cember and Thomas E. JohnsonNonionizing Radiation: Lasers 23David H. SlineyNonionizing Radiation: Broadband Optical 37Margaret L. Phillips and Allene H. ButlerRadiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields 63Kenneth R. Foster and Richard A. TellNonionizing Radiation: Extremely Low Frequency 95Mona Shum and Jesse CooperNoise and Hearing Conservation 107David C. Byrne and Kevin L. MichaelPhysiological Effects of Altered Barometric Pressure 141Claude A. PiantadosiHand-Arm Vibration 163Christopher M. NelsonCold Stress 189Tiina M. Ikäheimo, Kalev Kuklane, Jouni J.K. Jaakkola, and Ingvar HolmérHeat Stress 219Michael D. LarrañagaOccupational Ergonomics: Past, Present, and Future 261Susan Kotowski, Kermit Davis, and Amit BhattacharyaRobotics in the Workplace 287Frank J. Hearl, Vladimir Murashov, John Howard, Hongwei Hsiao, John Sammarco, Brian Lowe, and George LuxbacherPart VI Biological Agents 303Occupational Microbiological Biohazards - Exposure, Detection, and Disease 305Tiina ReponenControl of Biohazards 343Nancy C. BurtonAirborne and Emerging Infectious Diseases 369Augusto Dulanto Chiang and Tara N. PalmoreIndex 391