Organosilanes in Radical Chemistry

ISBN-13: 9780471498704 / Angielski / Twarda / 2004 / 240 str.

Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu; Chryssostomos Ed. Chatgilialoglu

Opis

In recent years silicon-centered radicals have played an important role in organic synthesis, polymer chemistry and material sciences. The aim of this book is to offer for the first time a description of silyl radicals within an interdisciplinary context, connecting structural characteristics and chemical properties to their application in different areas of chemistry.

• The first time different aspects of silyl radicals have been brought together
• Excellent reference tool for experienced practitioners of radical and/or silicon chemistry
• Presents various aspects of these intermediates in an original, comprehensive fashion

This book is essential for anyone working in free radical and/or silicon chemistry as well as for those who want to approach these fields for the first time.

Recenzje

" dense with useful information well written and easy to read..." (Applied Organometallic Chemistry, vol 19 No 1, January 2005)

well referenced, well produced and contains an abundance of useful examples a welcome addition to any library (Chemistry World, November 2004)

"...effectively blows aside the entropic fog of fuzzy superficiality and opens a new vista of pure knowledge..." (Chemistry & Industry, 25 June 2004)

"...interesting examples and applications of organosilanes...recommended to all researchers working in the field..." (www.organische–chemie.ch, 25 Mar 2004)

"The scientist who already works in the field will find this volume to be an excellent primary source of information. It should also be very useful to those teaching graduate–level courses in inorganic chemistry " (Journal of the American Chemical Society, January 26, 2004)

"...an impressive work that will find favour with experienced users and newcomers alike...informative and stimulating...deserves special praise..." (Jnl of Organic Process Res and Dev, 2004)

Spis treści

Preface.

Acknowledgements.

1 Formation and Structures of Silyl Radicals.

1.1 Methods of Generation of Silyl Radicals.

1.2 Structural Properties of Silyl Radicals.

1.2.1 Chemical Studies.

1.2.2 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectra.

1.2.3 Crystal Structures.

1.2.4 UV Visible Spectra.

1.2.5 Theoretical Studies.

1.3 References.

2 Thermochemistry.

2.1 General Considerations.

2.2 Bond Dissociation Enthalpies.

2.2.1 Radical Kinetics.

2.2.2 Photoacoustic Calorimetry.

2.2.3 Theoretical Data.

2.2.4 Derived Bond Dissociation Energies.

2.3 Ion Thermochemistry.

2.3.1 Negative–ion Cycles.

2.3.2 Hydride–affinity Cycles.

2.4 References.

3 Hydrogen Donor Abilities of Silicon Hydrides.

3.1 Carbon–centred Radicals.

3.1.1 Primary Alkyl Radicals and Free–Radical Clock Methodology.

3.1.2 Other Types of Carbon–centred Radicals.

3.2 Nitrogen–centred Radicals.

3.3 Oxygen–centred Radicals.

3.3.1 Alkoxyl Radicals.

3.3.2 Peroxyl Radicals.

3.3.3 Aryloxyl and Aroyloxyl Radicals.

3.4 Sulfur–centred Radicals.

3.5 Ketone Triplets.

3.6 Hydrogen Atom: An Example of Gas–phase Kinetics.

3.7 Theoretical Approaches.

3.8 References.

4 Reducing Agents.

4.1 General Aspects of Radical Chain Reactions.

4.1.1 Radical Radical Reactions.

4.2 Radical Initiators.

4.3 Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane.

4.3.1 Dehalogenations.

4.3.2 Reductive Removal of Chalcogen Groups (RS and RSe).

4.3.3 Deoxygenation of Alcohols (Barton McCombie Reaction).

4.3.4 Miscellaneous Reactions.

4.3.5 Appendix.

4.4 Other Silicon Hydrides.

4.4.1 Trialkylsilanes.

4.4.2 Phenyl Substituted Silicon Hydrides.

4.4.3 Silyl Substituted Silicon Hydrides.

4.4.4 Alkylthio Substituted Silicon Hydrides.

4.5 Silicon Hydride/Thiol Mixture.

4.6 Silanethiols.

4.7 Silylated Cyclohexadienes.

4.8 References.

5 Addition to Unsaturated Bonds.

5.1 Carbon Carbon Double Bonds.

5.1.1 Formation of Silyl Radical Adducts.

5.1.2 Hydrosilylation of Alkenes.

5.2 Carbon Carbon Triple Bonds.

5.2.1 Formation of Silyl Radical Adducts.

5.2.2 Hydrosilylation of Alkynes.

5.3 Carbon Oxygen Double Bonds.

5.3.1 Formation of Silyl Radical Adducts.

5.3.2 Hydrosilylation of Carbonyl Groups.

5.3.3 Radical Brook Rearrangement.

5.4 Other Carbon Heteroatom Multiple Bonds.

5.5 Cumulenes and Hetero–Cumulenes.

5.6 Heteroatom Heteroatom Multiple Bonds.

5.7 References.

6 Unimolecular Reactions.

6.1 Cyclization Reactions of Silyl Radicals.

6.1.1 Five–membered Ring Expansion.

6.2 Aryl Migration.

6.3 Acyloxy Migration.

6.4 Intramolecular Homolytic Substitution at Silicon.

6.5 Homolytic Organosilicon Group Transfer.

6.6 References.

7 Consecutive Radical Reactions.

7.1 Basic Concepts of Carbon Carbon Bond Formation.

7.2 Intermolecular Formation of Carbon Carbon Bonds.

7.3 Intramolecular Formation of Carbon Carbon Bonds (Cyclizations).

7.3.1 Construction of Carbocycles.

7.3.2 Construction of Cyclic Ethers and Lactones.

7.3.3 Construction of Cyclic Amines and Lactames.

7.4 Formation of Carbon Heteroatom Bonds.

7.5 Other Useful Radical Rearrangements.

7.6 Allylations.

7.7 Application to Tandem and Cascade Radical Reactions.

7.8 References.

8 Silyl Radicals in Polymers and Materials.

8.1 Polysilanes.

8.1.1 Poly(hydrosilane)s and Related Silyl Radicals.

8.2 Oxidation Studies on Silyl–substituted Silicon Hydrides.

8.2.1 Poly(hydrosilane)s.

8.2.2 (Me3Si)3SiH and (Me3Si)2Si(H)Me as Model Compounds.

8.3 Functionalization of Poly(hydrosilane)s.

8.3.1 Halogenation.

8.3.2 Addition of Unsaturated Compounds.

8.3.3 Other Useful Radical Reactions.

8.4 Silylated Fullerenes.

8.5 Radical Chemistry on Silicon Surfaces.

8.5.1 Oxidation of Hydrogen–terminated Silicon Surfaces.

8.5.2 Halogenation of HwSi(111).

8.5.3 Addition of Unsaturated Compounds on HwSi(111).

8.5.4 Addition of Alkenes on Si(100) Surfaces.

8.5.5 Some Examples of Tailored Experiments on Monolayers.

8.6 References.

List of Abbreviations.

Subject Index.

Blurb

In recent years silicon–centred radicals have played an important role in organic synthesis, polymer chemistry and material sciences. This book offers, for the first time, a description of silyl radicals within an interdisciplinary context, connecting structural characteristics and chemical properties to their application in different areas of chemistry.

Silyl radicals have thoroughly penetrated areas as diverse as organic synthesis and material sciences, and this book surveys the most exciting aspects of their chemistry.

Focusing on silyl radicals in the liquid phase, but including gas–phase data where appropriate, topics covered include:

• methods of formation, structural characteristics and thermodynamic data
• factors governing the reactivity of silicon hydrides
• the use of silicon hydrides as radical–based reducing agents and as mediators for consecutive radical reactions
• unimolecular reactions involving silyl radicals
• silyl radicals in polymers and materials
• radical–based functionalization of hydrogen t erminated silicon surfaces

Essential reading for anyone working in free radical and/or silicon chemistry, this book will also be of interest to organic, polymer and industrial chemists as well as for those who want to approach these fields for the first time.