Neutrons in Soft Matter

ISBN-13: 9780470402528 / Angielski / Twarda / 2011 / 664 str.

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Opis

Neutron and synchrotron facilities, which are beyond the scale of the laboratory, and supported on a national level in countries throughout the world. These tools for probing micro- and nano-structure research and on fast dynamics research of atomic location in materials have been key in the development of new polymer-based materials. Different from several existing professional books on neutron science, this book focuses on theory, instrumentation, an applications.

The book is divided into five parts: Part 1 describes the underlying theory of neutron scattering. Part 2 describes the various instruments that exist and the various techniques used to achieve neutron scattering or bombardment. Part 3 discusses data treatment and simulation methods as well as how to assess the environment of the sample (temperature, pressure, shear, and external fields). Part 4 addresses the myriad applications of small and large molecules, biomolecules, and gels. Part 5 describes the various global neutron sources that exist and provides an overview of the different reactors.

Spis treści

Preface.

Contributors.

I Neutron Scattering.

I.1 Basic Concepts (Ferenc Mezei).

II Instrumentation.

II.1 Small–Angle Neutron Scattering.

II.1.1 Small–Angle Neutron Scattering at Reactor Sources (Kell Mortensen).

II.1.2 SANS Instruments at Pulsed Neutron Sources (Toshiya Otomo).

II.1.3 Ultra–Small–Angle Neutron Scattering.

II.1.3.1 Bonse–Hart USANS Instrument (Michael Agamalian).

II.1.3.2 Focusing USANS Instrument (Satoshi Koizumi).

II.2 Neutron Reflectometry (Naoya Torikai).

II.3 Quasielastic and Inelastic Neutron Scattering.

II.3.1 Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy (Michael Monkenbusch and Dieter Richter).

II.3.2 Neutron Backscattering (Bernhard Frick and Dan Neumann).

II.3.3 Time–of–Flight Spectrometry (Ruep E. Lechner).

II.4 Neutron Imaging (Nobuyuki Takenaka).

III Data Treatment and Sample Environment.

III.1 Practical Aspects of SANS Experiments (George D. Wignall).

III.2 Structure Analysis (Hideki Seto).

III.3 Calculation of Real Space Parameters and Ab Initio Models from Isotropic Elastic SANS Patterns (Peter V. Konarev and Dmitri I. Svergun).

III.4 Contrast Variation (Mitsuhiro Hirai).

III.5 Sample Environment: Soft Matter Sample Environment for Small–Angle Neutron Scattering and Neutron Reflectometry (Peter Lindner, Ralf Schweins, and Richard A. Campbell).

IV Applications.

IV.1 Hierarchical Structure of Small Molecules (Tsang–Lang Lin).

IV.2 Structure of Dendritic Polymers and Their Films (Koji Mitamura and Toyoko Imae).

IV.3 Dynamics of Polymers (Toshiji Kanaya and Barbara J.Gabrys).

IV.4 Inhomogeneous Structure and Dynamics of Condensed Soft Matter (Mitsuhiro Shibayama).

IV.5 Protein Dynamics Studied by Neutron Incoherent Scattering (Mikio Kataoka and Hiroshi Nakagawa).

IV.6 Polymer Interfaces and Thin Films (David G. Bucknall).

IV.7 Neutron Diffraction from Polymers and Other Soft Matter (Geoffrey R. Mitchell).

V Current Facilities.

V.1 Pulsed Neutron Sources and Facilities (Masatoshi Arai).

V.2 Reactor Overview (Colin J. Carlile).

Index.

O autorze

TOYOKO IMAE, PhD, is a professor at the Graduate Institute of Engineering at National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, working on various aspects of polymers and nanomaterials, and a professor emeritus at Nagoya University, Japan.

TOSHIJI KANAYA, PhD, is a professor at the Institute for Chemical Research at Kyoto University in Japan, where he specializes in areas of polymer physics. Professor Kanaya has contributed to the book Polyolefin Composites, also from Wiley.

MICHIHIRO FURUSAKA, PhD, is a professor at the Graduate School of Engineering at Hokkaido University, Japan, working in the field of neutron instrumentation and optics.

NAOYA TORIKAI, PhD, is an associate professor at the Graduate School of Engineering at Mie University, Japan, working in research areas of polymer physics, after serving as an instrument scientist of a pulsed neutron reflectometer at High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK).

Blurb

A one–of–a–kind guide to the theory, instruments, and applications of neutron scattering techniques

Neutrons in Soft Matter is the first guide of its kind to focus on the use of instruments in neutron research. It addresses the anticipated increase in demand for skilled researchers in the field, providing scientists with the tools they need to make the transition from the laboratory to large neutron facilities.

Written by a team of experts in neutron research, this guidebook provides clear instructions on using neutron scattering techniques to conduct experiments in diverse areas, including biotechnology, nanotechnology, environmental science, and energy–related fields. It includes highly useful information for materials scientists, physicists, chemists, and biologists working with soft matter such as polymers, gels, micelles, supramolecules, and biomolecules, and instrumentation for them using steady and pulsed neutron sources.

Complete coverage, from theory to applications, includes:

• The basic concepts of neutron scattering

• Small–angle neutron scattering (SANS), neutron reflectometry, quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering, and neutron imaging

• Data treatment

• Sample environment

• Numerous applications of small and large molecules, biomolecules, and gels

• Global neutron sources and facilities with an overview of different reactors

Timely, practical, and comprehensive, Neutrons in Soft Matter is an excellent resource for chemists, materials scientists, physicists, biologists, and anyone who would like to deepen his or her understanding of neutron scattering techniques.