Neurobiology of the Trace Amines: Analytical, Physiological, Pharmacological, Behavioral, and Clinical Aspects

ISBN-13: 9781461297819 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 598 str.

Boulton, Alan A.

Opis

Many of the trace amines-more correctly called biogenic amines- have been known for decades, but because of their tiny concentra- tions (0. 01-100 ng/g) in brain, it was only after the development of sophisticated analytical techniques (such as mass spectrometry) that they could be identified and quantitated in nervous tissue. There are now more than 20 of them and most are related to the catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine both structurally and metabolically. Their pharmacological and physiological properties make them prime candidates for a transmitter or neuromodulator role and many of them elicit profound behavioral syndromes after injection--one of them, phenylethylamine, has even been referred to as nature's amphetamine. In the clinical sphere several have been shown to be involved in: Parkinsonism, schizophrenia, depression, agoraphobia, aggression, hyperkinesis, migraine, hypertensive crises, hypertyrosinemia, he- patic encephalopathy, epilepsy, and cystic fibrosis. Thus the research reported here on these intriguing "new" substances will be of great interest to psychiatrists, neurologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, physiologists, psychologists, behaviorists and indeed to all those working in the neurosciences and related fields today. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book is based on the proceedings of Trace Amines and the Neurosciences, a meeting held at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, July 19-21, 1983. This meeting was organized as a Satellite Meeting of the Ninth Meeting of the International Society for Neurochemistry, held in Vancouver, July 10-15, 1983. International organizers of the satellite meeting were Drs. A. A. Boulton (Saskatoon), W. G. Dewhurst (Edmonton), G. B. Baker (Edmonton), and M. Sandler (London).

Spis treści

A. Introduction.- Trace Amines: The Early Years.- Trace Amines and the Neurosciences: An Overview.- B. Analysis.- Invited Communications.- Quantification of Trace Amines and Their Metabolites by High Resolution or Metastable Analysis Using Double Focussing Mass Spectrometry.- The Use of Enzymatic Radioisotopic Microassays for the Quantification of ?-Phenylethylamine, Phenylethanolamine, Tyramine, and Octopamine.- Gas Chromatography for Analysis of the Trace Amines in Tissues and Body Fluids.- Free Communications.- Studies on Tryptamine Metabolism by GC-MS and HPLC Techniques.- A Rapid and Specific Technique for the Extraction of Tyramine and Octopamine from Biological Tissues for HPLC Analysis.- Analysis of Octopamine, Dopamine, 5-Hydroxtryptamine, and Tryptophan in the Brain and Nerve Cord of the American Cockroach.- Natural Occurrence and Metabolism of the Isomeric Octopamines and Synephrines.- Octopamine is Present in Retinas of Various Mammalian Species.- C. Physiology and Pharmacology.- Invited Communications.- Investigation of Trace Amine Metabolism in the Central Nervous System through Measurements on Cerebrospinal Fluid.- Analysis of Trace Amines: Endogenous Levels and the Effects of Various Drugs on Tissue Concentrations in the Rat.- Drug-Induced Changes in the Central Metabolism of Tyramine and Other Trace Monoamines: Their Possible Role in Brain Functions.- Aminergic Control of the Electrocorticogram: A Progress Report.- Neuronal Transport of Trace Amines: An Overview.- Electrophysiological Studies of the Possible Role of Trace Amines in Synaptic Function.- Effects of Octopamine and Serotonin on Neurones of Aplysia Californica.- Free Communications.- Individual Housing Stress Elevates Brain and Adrenal Tryptamine Content.- The Uptake and Release of 14C-Tryptamine by Rat Brain Slices.- Tryptamine-Induced Changes in Endogenous 5-Hydroxytryptamine and [3H]-5-HT Release from Mouse Hypothalamic Slices.- Effect of Chronic Haloperidol on the Levels of Blood and Urinary Phenylethylamine and Phenylacetic Acid in Rats.- A Comparison of effects of Acute and Chronic Administration of Phenelzine and Tranylcypromine on Brain Concentrations of 2-Phenylethylamine, p-Tyramine, and Tryptamine in the Rat.- Phenylethylamine Deamination in the Noradrenergic Neurotransmitter System.- Effect of Lignocaine on Tyramine and Serotonin Oxidation in Brain.- Degradation Kinetics by MAO of PEA Derivatives. A Model for the Molecular Basis of Their Analgesic and Behavioral effects?.- The Kinetics of Hydroxylation of Phenylethylamine, Amphetamine, and Phenylalanine in Rodent Tissues.- Chronotropic and Inotropic Selectivity of Substituted Phenylethylamines in the Isolated, Perfused Rabbit Heart.- Trace Amine-Peptide Interactions on Central Neurones: I. Tryptamine and Substance P.- Trace Amine-Peptide Interactions: II. Phenylethylamine and enkephalin; p-Tyramine and enkephalin.- D. Behavior.- Invited Communications.- Beta-Phenylethylamine: Some Preliminary Chronic Studies.- ?-Phenylethylamine: A Functional Role at the Behavioral Level?.- Differentiation of Phenylethylamine (PE)- and Amphetamine (AMPH)- Induced Behaviors.- Studies on the Mechanism of Action of ?-Phenylethylamine Stereotypy in Rodents: Implications for a ?-Phenylethylamine Animal Model of Schizophrenia.- Free Communications.- Effects of Tryptamine and 5-Hydroxytryptamine on Food Intake in the Rat.- 5-HT Involvement in Tryptamine-Induced Behavior in Mice.- Hypodipsic Effects of ?-Phenylethylamine, Phenylethanolamine, N-Methylphenylethylamine, and d-Amphetamine: A Temporal Analysis.- Taste-Dependent Effects of Low Doses of ?-Phenylethylamine and d-Amphetamine on Drinking in the Rat.- ?-Phenylethylamine and d-Amphetamine: Differential Potency in the Conditioned Taste Aversion Paradigm.- Locomotor Stimulant Effect of ?-Phenylethylamine-Naloxone.- E. Clinical Studies.- Invited Communications.- The Origin, Drug Interaction, Urine, Plasma, and CSF Concentrations of Phenylacetic Acid in Normal and Psychiatric Subjects.- The Catabolism of Trace Amines in Some Psychiatric Disorders.- Tyramine and Depressive Illness.- Phenethylamine, Tyramine, and Other Trace Amines in Patients with Affective Disorders: Associations with Clinical State and Antidepressant Drug Treatment.- Phenylethylamine and Schizophrenia—Clinical and Pharmacological Results.- Urinary Excretion of Tryptamine in Comparison to Normetanephrine and beta-Phenylethylamine in Human Volunteers after Subchronic Treatment with Different Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.- Free Communications.- p-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid Concentration in the CSF of Patients with Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders.- Noncatecholic Phenylethylamines and MAO Activity in Diabetes and Migraine.- Phenylethylamine and Tardive Dyskinesia.- Phenylethylamine, Phenylacetic Acid, and Methionine Enkephalin Levels in Humans Following Profound Acute Stress.- 14C-Tryptamine Binding in Parkinson’s Disease and Hepatic Coma.- Biochemical and Antidepressant Mechanisms of L-Deprenyl.