1. Biorefinery: Current scenarios, challenges and future perspectives 2. Feedstocks in biorefinery: Availability and feasibility 3. Nanomaterials used in biorefinery: types, properties, and synthesis methods 4. Role of nanotechnology in biorefinery: Recent advances and challenges 5. Emerging applications of nanomaterials in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass 6. Nanobiocatalysts: The promising alternatives in biomass hydrolysis 7. A way from Biofuels to Biorefinery: Nanobiotechnological processes and Products 8. Nanotechnology for valorizing the valuable products from lignin: A biorefinery approach 9. The emerging role of nanotechnology in ethanol production 10. Nanotechnology mediated production of biodiesel from microalgal biomass: A sustainable approach in biorefinery 11. Conversion of waste biomass into nanocellulose and their applications as high-value product 12. Nanotechnological biorefining of lignin and their applications 13. Impacts and toxicological concerns of nanomaterials used in biorefinery