Nanoscale Imaging of Synapses: New Concepts and Opportunities

ISBN-13: 9781461491781 / Angielski / Twarda / 2014 / 231 str.

Valentin Nagerl; Antoine Triller

Opis

Synapses underlie rapid and flexible neural communication in the brain and they hold the key to understanding higher brain functions in health and disease. Because they are very small and highly dynamic, it is very difficult to study them with traditional techniques. Fortunately, recent ground-breaking advances in optical microscopy (e.g. STED, PALM, STORM, SIM) have greatly improved our ability to image living synapses at the nanoscale, even down to the level of single molecules. The proposed volume brings together leading researchers to review these exciting new techniques and their application in neurobiological research. It will explain and discuss the basic principles behind the various superresolution modalities, how they are implemented, what their scope and limitations are etc. In addition, several key research discoveries on synapses enabled by these novel approaches will be highlighted.

Spis treści

Preface

1. Nanoscale imaging of protein molecules at the postsynaptic density
Xiaobing Chen, Christine Winters, Rita Azzam, Alioscka A. Sousa, Richard D. Leapman, and Thomas S. Reese 

2. Electron tomography for the study of synaptic ultrastructure in fixed brain sections
Alain C. Burette and Richard J. Weinberg

3. Time-resolved electron microscopy: coupling optogenetics with high-pressure freezing
Shigeki Watanabe, M. Wayne Davis and Erik M. Jorgensen 

4. Investigating AMPA receptors diffusion and nanoscale organization at synapses with high density single molecule tracking methods
Audrey Constals, Eric Hosy and Daniel Choquet

5. Visualising the ultra-structures and dynamics of synapses by single molecule nanoscopy
Christian G. Specht, Ignacio Izeddin, and Maxime Dahan 

6. Live-cell PALM of intracellular proteins in neurons
Nicholas A. Frost, Harold D. MacGillavry, Hsiangmin E. Lu and Thomas A. Blanpied 

7. Monitoring nanoscale mobility of small molecules with time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging
Kaiyu Zheng, James A. Levitt, Klaus Suhling and Dmitri A. Rusakov 

8. Imaging signalling transduction in single dendritic spines
Nathan Hedrick and Ryohei Yasuda

9. Imaging-based measures of synaptic tenacity
Noam E. Ziv 

10. Zooming in on the (peri)synaptic extracellular matrix
Svetlana Korotchenko, Francesca Cella Zanacchi, Alberto Diaspro and Alexander Dityatev 

11. Two-photon STED microscopy for imaging synapses and glia in acute brain slices
Philipp Bethge and U. Valentin Nägerl

Index

 

Blurb

Synapses underlie rapid and flexible neural communication in the brain and they hold the key to understanding higher brain functions in health and disease. Because they are very small and highly dynamic, it is very difficult to study them with traditional techniques. Fortunately, recent ground-breaking advances in microscopy have greatly improved our ability to image synapses at the nanoscale, even down to the level of single molecules.

Authored by leading practitioners and developers in the field, this volume focuses on the nanoscale analysis of the molecular and structural organization and dynamics of synapses of the central nervous system, utilizing superresolution (e.g. PALM, STORM, STED) and other advanced methods (e.g. EM tomography, optogenetics, FLIM). It explains the basic principles behind the various nanoscale imaging modalities, how they are implemented and what their scope and limitations are, while also highlighting several exciting new research opportunities for synapse research enabled by them.