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This book includes the synthesis, analysis and characterization of nanomaterials that are an important ingredient in nanotechnologies. Nanomaterials contain nanoparticles, smaller than 100 nanometers in at least one dimension. Nanomaterials are coming into use in health care, electronics, cosmetics and other areas. Their physical and chemical properties differ from those of bulk materials. This needs to cover health risks to workers and potential risks to environment. This is currently done on a case-by-case basis, but risk assessment methods need to be kept up to date as the use of nanomaterials expands, especially as they find their way into consumer products. This book covers the basics to advanced applications of nanomaterials and provides a useful resource for researchers and professionals in the field.
Chapter 1
PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS
1.1 Introduction
1.7.4 Exceptional mechanical properties
1.7.5 Exceptional electrical properties
Problems
Chapter 2
Synthesis of nanomaterials
2.1 Introduction
Problems
Chapter 3
Characterization and analysis of nanomaterials3.1 Introduction
3.10 Atomic force microscopy
Problems
Chapter 4
4.2.1 Elastic properties of nanocrystalline metals
4.2.2 Hardness, yield and ultimate strengths
4.2.3 Mechanical properties at room and elevated temperatures
4.2.4 Strength of amorphous alloys containing nanoscale particles4.2.5 Deformation behavior of nanostructured alloys
4.3 Structure and soft magnetic properties
4.4 Effect of grain-size distribution and Curie temperature of intergranular amorphous phase on soft magnetic properties
4.5 Magnetic properties
Problems
CHAPTER 5
Problems
CHAPTER 6
Nanodevices and nanostructures6.1 Introduction
6.2 General scheme of nanodevices
6.3 Nanocomponents
6.3.1 DNA
6.3.2 Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes
6.4 Nanoelectronics
6.5 Nanostructured materials
6.5.1 Nanoparticle properties 6.5.2 Nanoalloys6.6 Prospects for future modeling
Problems
CHAPTER 7
7.1.1 Structures of carbon allotropes
7.1.2 Single-layer graphite material (graphene)
7.2.2.1 Mechanical properties
7.2.2.2 Electrical characteristics7.2.2.3 Thermal properties
7.2.2.4 Superconducting phenomenon of CNTs7.2.2.5 Chemical properties
7.3.2 Electronic structure of graphite
7.5.1.1 The limits of microelectronics technology and the emergence of nanoelectronics
7.6 Single-electron transistor
7.7 CNT electronics
7.7.1 Quantum wire
7.7.2 CNT-based junction
7.7.3 SET with CNTs
7.7.4 CNT-based FET
7.7.5 Complementary nongate (Inverter) circuit with CNTs 7.8 Other applications of CNTs7.8.1 Nano test tubes
7.8.2 Nanobalance7.8.3 Nanomolds
7.8.4 CNTs: Field emission cathode materials
7.8.5 Application of CNTs in hydrogen storage
7.8.6 High-energy microbattery 7.8.7 High-energy capacitor 7.8.8 Chip thermal/heat protection7.8.9 Nanoreactor
7.8.10 Nanocomposite materials
Problems
CHAPTER 8
SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS8.1 Introduction
8.2.2.1 The concept of excitons
8.2.2.2 Energy band structure of excitons
8.2.2.3 Calculations of the exciton binding energy
CHAPTER 9
Superconductivity9.1 Introduction
9.4.1 Incredible magnetic nanoclusters
9.4.2 Quantum fluctuations and strong correlation in nanowires
9.4.3 Ultrathin film
9.4.4 Nanosuperconductors and hybrid structures
9.4.5 Links between superconductors and nanostructureProblems
CHAPTER 10
Multi-application of nanomaterials
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Amorphous silicon/oxide superlattice
10.3 Single-electron transistor
10.4 Quantum dot laser
10.5 Epilogue 10.6 Chemical and biological sensors10.7 Optical sensors
10.8 Catalysis
10.9 Future issues
Problems
Refernces
IndexDr. Yarub Al-Douri is a Professor of Nanotechnology at the American University of Iraq, Sulaimani and is an Adjunct Professor at Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey. He is Associate Editor of Nano-Micro Letters (Q1), Editor-in-Chief of Experimental and Theoretical NANOTECHNOLOYG, and Editor-in-Chief of World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering. Al-Douri has more than 750 publications to his credit. His research interests are in the areas of nanomaterials, nanoelectronics, optics, semiconductors, and renewable energy.
This book includes the synthesis, analysis and characterization of nanomaterials that are an important ingredient in nanotechnologies. Nanomaterials contain nanoparticles, smaller than 100 nanometers in at least one dimension. Nanomaterials are coming into use in health care, electronics, cosmetics and other areas. Their physical and chemical properties differ from those of bulk materials. This needs to cover health risks to workers and potential risks to environment. This is currently done on a case-by-case basis, but risk assessment methods need to be kept up to date as the use of nanomaterials expands, especially as they find their way into consumer products. This book covers the basics to advanced applications of nanomaterials and provides a useful resource for researchers and professionals in the field.
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