Molecular Biology and Physiology of Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factors

ISBN-13: 9781468459517 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 498 str.

Derek Leroith; Mohan K. Raizada; Mohan K. Raizada

Opis

This volume addresses a fundamental puzzle in biology and medicine, namely, how does tissue develop, repair and replace itself. The answer appears to lie in growth factors and their regulation. To thrive and survive we need growth factors and this book concentrates on two factors that are related to growth hormone. Growth hormone does not act directly on all tissues, but mediates many of its actions through the release of insulin-like growth factors from the liver. The growth factors were originally called somatomedins by McConaghey and Sledge (1), who discovered that they mediated growth-like effects of growth hormone. However, the factors were purified on the basis of their insulinomimetic actions on fat and muscle and it is their relationship to the insulin family of pep tides that now gives them their name (2,3) of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). They mediate the actions of. growth hormone on the proteoglycan synthesis of cartilage and produce mitogenic effects in fibroblast cultures.

Spis treści

Section I: Insulin-Like Growth Factors I and II.- Structural and regulatory aspects of the human genes encoding IGF-I and-II.- Structural and functional characterization of IGF-I RNA 3’ variants.- Characterization of the biological activity of IGF I analogs with reduced affinity for IGF receptors and binding proteins.- Insulin-like growth factor II: Complexity of biosynthesis and receptor binding.- Development of a specific radioimmuno assay for E domain containing forms of insulin-like growth factor II.- The role of the IGFs in myogenic differentiation.- Extinction of human insulin-like growth factor II expression in somatic cell hybrids.- The growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I axis: Studies in man during growth.- Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I: Effects in normal subjects and implications for use in patients.- Single sc administration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in normal men.- Section II: Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins.- Insulin-like growth factor binding protein control secretion and mechanisms of action.- Regulation and actions of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3.- Regulation of gene expression of rat insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 1 and 2.- Hormonal regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 expression in the rat.- Cerebrospinal IGF binding proteins: Isolation and characterization.- The effect of quantity and nutritional quality of dietary proteins on plasma concentration of nsulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) and the saturability of IGFBP with endogenous IGF-I.- Presence of insulin-like growth factors and their binding protein in rat milk.- Section III: Receptors For Insulin, IGF-I AND.- Molecular heterogeneity of insulin receptors in rat tissues.- Mutations in the insulin receptor gene in patients with genetic syndromes of insulin resistance.- Role of receptor internalization in insulin signalling.- Endogenous substrates of the insulin receptor: Studies with cells expressing wild-type and mutant receptors.- Molecular mechanisms involved in the antilipolytic action of insulin: Phosphorylation and activation of a particulate adipocyte cAMP phosphodiesterase.- Regulation of the glucose transporter in animal models of diabetes.- Regulation of insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene expression in normal and pathological states.- IGF-I mediated recruitment of glucose transporters from intracellular membranes to plasma membranes in L6 muscle cells.- Insulin-like growth factors and their receptors in muscle development.- Insulin-like growth factor receptors in testicular vascular tissue from normal and diabetic rats.- Reciprocal modulation of binding of lysosomal enzymes and insulin-like growth factor-ll (IGF-II) to the mannose 6-phosphate/IGF-ll receptor.- Expression of IGF-II, the IGF-ll/mannose-6-phosphate receptor and IGFBP-2 during rat embryogenesis.- Section IV: Insulin, IGFs and The Central Nervous System.- Early events in the hormonal regulation of glial gene expression: Early response genes.- Trophic actions of IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin on cholinergic and dopaminergic brain neurons.- Second messengers mediating gene expression essential to neurite formation directed by insulin and insulin-like growth factors.- Regulation of protein phosphorylation by insulin and insulin-like growth factors in cultured fetal neurons.- A review of insulin/insulin-like peptide in the central nervous system.- Glucose transporters in central nervous system glucose homeostasis.- The mammalian brain glucose transport system.- Regulation and physiological function of insulin-like growth factors in the central nervous system.- IGF-I mRNA localization in trigeminal and sympathetic nerve target zones during rat embryonic development.- Neuroactive products of IGF-1 and IGF-2 gene expression in the CNS.- Distribution of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and 2 (IGF-2) receptors in the hippocampal formation of rats and mice.- Localization of insulin and Type 1 IGF receptors in rat brains by in vitro autoradiography and in situhybridization.- Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in the nervous system.- Binding of 125 l-insulin-like growth factor-l (IGF-I) in brains of Alzheimer’s and alcoholic patients.- IGF-I - A possible modulator of intercellular communication in the brain.- Contributors.