Microencapsulation and Artificial Cells

ISBN-13: 9780896030732 / Angielski / Twarda / 1984 / 320 str.

T. M. Chang

Opis

Early studies by Pendleton and West (1) in 1932 demonstrated that urea moved from the blood into the small intestine in uremic dogs. In 1946, Twiss and Kolff (2) showed in uremic patients that urea could be removed when an isotonic solution was perfused through an isolated in testinalloop. Since these early studies had demonstrated the presence of urea and its removal from the gastrointestinal tract, Yatzidis (3) in 1964 investigated the use of activated charcoal for the removal of uremic wastes from the intestinal tract. In addition to Yatzidis' studies with char coal, other investigations with charcoal have been unable to confirm any significant reduction in serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, or guanidines (4,5) via this approach. At the same time that Yatzidis proposed the use of charcoal for re moval of nitrogenous wastes from the intestinal tract, he also proposed using charcoal in a hemoperfusion microapparatus as an effective artifi cial kidney. However, clinical studies performed with the Yatzidis char coal artificial kidney showed an adverse affect on platelets and the re lease of embolizing particles (6,7). To overcome these platelet and emboli problems, Chang's group (8) proposed the general idea of "artificial cells," Le., microcapsules con taining adsorbents. Since the charcoal particles were now encased within blood compatible membranes, they could not leave the microcapsules to cause embolism, and platelets did not now come in direct contact with the charcoal. In their early clinical hemoperfusion studies, Chang et al.

Spis treści

Microencapsulation: An Introduction.- Artificial Cells in Medicine and Biotechnology.- Biotechnology: Enzymes, Cells, and Microorganisms.- An Orally Administered Microcapsule System for Treating Chronic Renal Failure Patients.- Enzyme—Albumin Polymers: New Approaches to the Use of Enzymes in Medicine.- Artificial Cell-Microencapsulated Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase.- Selection and Microencapsulation of an “NADH-Oxidizing” Bacterium and Its Use for NAD Regeneration.- Radiopolymerized Mixture of Acrylic Acid, Methyl Methacrylate, and Polyethylene Glycol as an Enzyme Support System.- Microencapsulation of Living Cells and Tissues—1983 Review and Update.- Injectable Microencapsulated Islet Cells as a Bioartificial Pancreas.- Microencapsulation of Mammalian Cells in Polyacrylates.- The Preparation of Semipermeable Microcapsules Containing Antibody for Use in Radioimmunoassay.- Design of a Fluidized Bed Reactor for Microencapsulated Urease.- Artificial Red Blood Cell Substitutes.- Artificial Red Cells with Crosslinked Hemoglobin Membranes.- Preparation and In Vitro Characteristics of a Blood Substitute Based on Pyridoxylated Polyhemoglobin.- Preparation and Biophysical Properties of Hemolysate-Loaded Liposomes.- Lipid Microencapsulation of Hemoglobin.- A Blood Substitute from Hydroxyethyl Starch and Hemoglobin.- Adsorbents and Immunosorbents.- Present Status of Hemoperfusion/Hemodialysis in Italy.- Tailor-Made Agarose-Based Reactive Beads for Hemoperfusion and Plasma Perfusion.- Preparation of Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) Coatings for Microencapsulation of Charcoal.- Initial Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with a New Artificial Reticuloendothelial System.- Drug Delivery Systems.- Magnetic Microcapsules for Targeted Delivery of Anticancer Drugs.- Microencapsulation of Astiban Acid for the Treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni.- Drug Targeting by Drug Entrapment into Ultrafine Compartments as Carriers.- Microcapsules for New Animal Drugs.- Microencapsulation of Dichromate and Paracetamol with Eudragit Retard Polymers Using Phase Separation by Non-solvent Addition.- Microencapsulation by a Complex Coacervation Process Using Acid-Precursor Gelatin.- Kinetic Model Identification of Drug Release from Microcapsules Using the Nonlinear Regression Search Procedure.- Preparation and Surface Properties of Encapsulated Powder Pharmaceuticals.- Preparation and In Vivo Studies of a New Drug Delivery System: Nanoparticles of Alkylcyanoacrylate.- A Controlled-Release Anti-Inflammatory Drug: Studies on Microcapsules.- General.- Current Status of Microencapsulated Diets for Aquaculture.- Liquid Crystal Microcapsule Medical Device Used for Thermographic Examination of the Human Female Breast.- Excitable Artificial Cells of Proteinoid.- Inhibition of Human Neutrophil Elastase Activity by Encapsulated Serum (Serumsome ™) Therapy.