Membranes and Transport: Volume 1

ISBN-13: 9781468440843 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 722 str.

Anthony N. Martonosi

Opis

This work is a collection of short reviews on membranes and transport. It portrays the field as a mosaic of bright little pieces, which are interesting in themselves but gain full signif icance when viewed as a whole. Traditional boundaries are set aside and biochemists, biophysicists, physiologists, and cell biologists enter into a natural discourse. The principal motivation of this work was to ease the problems of communication that arose from the explosive growth and interdisciplinary character of membrane research. In these volumes we hope to provide a readily available comprehensive source of critical information covering many of the exciting, recent developments on the structure, biosyn thesis, and function of biological membranes in microorganisms, animal cells, and plants. The 182 reviews contributed by leading authorities should enable experts to check up on recent developments in neighboring areas of research, allow teachers to organize material for membrane and transport courses, and give advanced students the opportunity to gain a broad view of the topic. Special attention was given to developments that are expected to open new areas of investigation. The result is a kaleidoscope of facts, viewpoints, theories, and techniques, which radiates the excitement of this important field. Publication of these status reports every few years should enable us to follow progress in an interesting and easygoing format. I am grateful to the authors, to Plenum Publishing Corporation, and to several of my colleagues for their thoughtful suggestions and enthusiastic cooperation, which made this work possible."

Spis treści

I · The Molecular Architecture of Biological Membranes.- 1 · Experiment, Hypothesis, and Theory in the Development of Concepts of Cell Membrane Structure 1930–1970.- 2 · Complementary Packing of Phosphoglyceride and Cholesterol Molecules in the Bilayer.- 3 · Sterols and Membranes.- 4 · Compositional Domain Structure of Lipid Membranes.- 5 · Structural and Functional Aspects of Nonbilayer Lipids.- 6 · Divalent Cations, Electrostatic Potentials, Bilayer Membranes.- 7 · Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of the Adsorption of Divalent Cations to Phospholipid Bilayer Membranes.- 8 · Intrinsic Protein-Lipid Interactions in Biomembranes.- 9 · Essential Structural Features and Orientation of Cytochrome b5 in Membranes.- 10 · Activation of Pyruvate Oxidase and Interaction with Membrane Components.- 11 · Properties of Phospholipid Transfer Proteins.- II · The Physical Properties of Biological and Artificial Membranes.- 12 · Freeze-Fracture Techniques Applied to Biological Membranes.- 13 · Electron Microscopy and Computer Image Reconstruction of Membrane Crystals.- 14 · NMR in the Study of Membranes.- 15 · NMR of Protein-Lipid Interactions in Model and Biological Membrane Systems.- 16 · Current Views on Boundary Lipids Deduced from Electron Spin Resonance Studies.- 17 · Saturation Transfer EPR Studies of Rotational Dynamics in Membranes.- 18 · Lateral Diffusion of Membrane Proteins.- 19 · Rotational Diffusion of Membrane Proteins: Time-Resolved Optical Spectroscopic Measurements.- 20 · Rotational Diffusion of Membrane Proteins: Measurements by Light Emission.- 21 · Lipid-Protein Interactions in Monomolecular Layers.- 22 · Artificial Planar Bilayer Lipid Membranes: A Survey.- 23 · Hydrophobic Labeling and Cross-Linking of Membrane Proteins.- 24 · Photoactivated Hydrophobic Reagents for Integral Membrane Proteins: A Critical Discussion.- 25 · Optical Probes of the Potential Difference across Membranes.- 26 · The Use of Detergents for the Isolation of Intact Carrier Proteins, Exemplified by the ADP, ATP Carrier of Mitochondria.- III · Biosynthesis of Cell Membranes: Selected Membrane-Bound Metabolic Systems.- 27 · Protein Translocation across the Membrane of the Endoplasmic Reticulum.- 28 · Synthesis and Assembly of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein and Related Glycoproteins.- 29 · Biosynthesis of Mitochondrial Membrane Proteins.- 30 · Membrane-Bound Enzymes of Cholesterol Biosynthesis from Lanosterol.- 31 · Oligosaccharide Conformation and the Control of Oligosaccharide Assembly: A Model for Carbohydrate-Mediated Information Transfer.- 32 · Multifunctional Glucose-6-Phosphatase of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Nuclear Membrane.- 33 · The Role of the Microsomal Membrane in Modulating the Activity of UDPGlucuronyltransferase.- IV · The Structure, Composition, and Biosynthesis of Membranes in Microorganisms.- 34 · Structural and Functional Asymmetry of Bacterial Membranes.- 35 · The Cell Membrane of Mycoplasmas.- 36 · Lipoproteins from the Bacterial Outer Membranes: Their Gene Structures and Assembly Mechanism.- 37 · Biosynthesis and Assembly of Outer Membrane Lipoprotein in E. coli.- 38 · Direct Demonstration of Cotranslational Secretion of Proteins in Bacteria.- 39 · Genetic Approaches for Studying Protein Localization.- 40 · The Biosynthesis of Bacterial Wall Teichoic Acids.- 41 · Solution Structure of Acyl Carrier Protein.- V · Bioenergetics of Electron and Proton Transport in Mitochondria.- 42 · Thermodynamic Analysis of Biomembrane Energy Transduction.- 43 · Regulation of In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation.- 44 · Proton Translocation by Cytochrome Oxidase.- 45 · Mechanism of Active Proton Translocation by Cytochrome Systems.- 46 · Structure of Cytochrome c Oxidase.- 47 · Structure of Cytochrome c Oxidase: Recent Progress.- 48 · On the Mechanism of Energy Coupling in Cytochrome Oxidase.- 49 · Insights Gained by EPR Spectroscopy into the Composition and Function of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain.- 50 · Orientations of the Mitochondrial Redox Components.- 51 · Functional and Topological Aspects of the Mitochondrial Adenine-Nucleotide Carrier.- 52 · Unconventional Iron-Sulfur Clusters in Mitochondrial Enzymes.- 53 · Transport of Ions and the Membrane Potential of Mitochondria.- 54 · The Significance of Protein and Lipid Mobility for Catalytic Activity in the Mitochondrial Membrane.- VI · Energy-Transducing ATPases and Electron Transport in Microorganisms.- 55 · Properties of Isolated Subunits of H+-ATPase.- 56 · Proton-Translocating ATPase (F1F0) of Escherichia coli.- 57 · Genetics of the Adenosine Triphosphatase Complex of Escherichia coli.- 58 · The Genetics of Electron Transport in Escherichia coli.- 59 · The N,N?-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-Sensitive ATPase in Streptococcus faecalis Membranes.- 60 · Energy-Transducing Coupling Factor F0F1 from Mycobacterium phlei.- 61 · Biochemical Characterization of the Fungal Plasma Membrane ATPase, an Electrogenic Proton Pump.- 62 · Charge-Transport Characteristics of a Plasma Membrane Proton Pump.- 63 · Biosynthesis of the Yeast Mitochondrial ATPase Complex: Contribution of the Mitochondrial Protein-Synthesizing System.- 64 · Specification and Expression of Mitochondrial Cytochrome b.- 65 · The Structure of Mitochondrial Ubiquinol: Cytochrome c Reductase.- VII · Ion Transport Systems in Animal Cells.- 66 · Rules and the Economics of Energy Balance in Coupled Vectorial Processes.- 67 · Na+/K+-ATPase: Structure of the Enzyme and Mechanism of Action of Digitalis.- 68 · Conformational Changes Associated with K+ Transport by the Na+/K+-ATPase.- 69 · Topology in the Membrane and Principal Conformations of the ?-Subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase.- 70 · Reconstitution of the Sodium/Potassium Pump.- 71 · Active and Passive Cation Transport and Its Association with Membrane Antigens in Sheep Erythrocytes: Developments and Trends.- 72 · How do ATP-Driven Ion Membrane Transport Systems Realize High Efficiency in both Energy Conversion and Flow Rate?.- 73 · The Structure of the [Ca2+ + Mg2+]-ATPase of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.- 74 · Ca2+/Mg2+-Dependent ATPase in Sarcoplasmic Reticulum: Kinetic Properties in Its Monomeric and Oligomeric Forms.- 75 · Isolation and Use of Ionophores for Studying Ion Transport across Natural Membranes.- 76 · Ion-Transporting ATPases: Characterizing Structure and Function with Paramagnetic Probes.- 77 · A Possible Role for Cytoplasmic Ca2+ in the Regulation of the Synthesis of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Proteins.- 78 · Active Calcium Transport in Human Red Blood Cells.- 79 · The Lipid Requirement of the Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase in the Erythrocyte Membrane.- 80 · The Transport of Ca2+ by Mitochondria.- 81 · Hormonal Control of Calcium Fluxes in Rat Liver.- 82 · Na-Ca Countertransport in Cardiac Muscle.- 83 · Aspects of Gastric Proton Transport-ATPase.- 84 · Phosphate Transport Processes of Animal Cells.- 85 · Vitamin D and the Intestinal Absorption of Calcium and Phosphate.- 86 · Alterations in Membrane Permeability to Ca2+ and Their Consequences during Maturation of Mammalian Spermatozoa.