Membranes and Transport

ISBN-13: 9781468440874 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 679 str.

Anthony N. Martonosi

Opis

This work is a collection of short reviews on membranes and transport. It portrays the field as a mosaic of bright little pieces, which are interesting in themselves but gain full signif- icance when viewed as a whole. Traditional boundaries are set aside and biochemists, biophysicists, physiologists, and cell biologists enter into a natural discourse. The principal motivation of this work was to ease the problems of communication that arose from the explosive growth and interdisciplinary character of membrane research. In these volumes we hope to provide a readily available comprehensive source of critical information covering many of the exciting, recent developments on the structure, biosyn- thesis, and function of biological membranes in microorganisms, animal cells, and plants. The 182 reviews contributed by leading authorities should enable experts to check up on recent developments in neighboring areas of research, allow teachers to organize material for membrane and transport courses, and give advanced students the opportunity to gain a broad view of the topic. Special attention was given to developments that are expected to open new areas of investigation. The result is a kaleidoscope of facts, viewpoints, theories, and techniques, which radiates the excitement of this important field. Publication of these status reports every few years should enable us to follow progress in an interesting and easygoing format. I am grateful to the authors, to Plenum Publishing Corporation, and to several of my colleagues for their thoughtful suggestions and enthusiastic cooperation, which made this work possible.

Spis treści

VIII·The Transport of Metabolites and Ions In Microorganisms.- 87·ATP-Linked Transport of Metabolites and Ions in Bacteria.- 88·The Energetics of Osmotic-Shock-Sensitive Active Transport in Escherichia coli.- 89·Tribulations of Bacterial Transport.- 90·Mechanisms of Active Transport in Isolated Bacterial Membrane Vesicles.- 91·The Bacterial Phosphotransferase System in Regulation of Carbohydrate Permease Synthesis and Activity.- 92·Melibiose Transport in Bacteria.- 93·A Consideration of the Role of Thermodynamic and Kinetic Factors in Regulating Lactose Accumulation in Escherichia coli.- 94·Symport Mechanisms as the Basis of Solute Transport in Yeast and Mouse Ascites-Tumor Cells.- 95·Sugar Transport in Yeast.- 96·Cation/Proton Antiport Systems in Escherichia coli.- 97·How Does Escherichia coli Regulate Internal pH?.- 98·Bioenergetic Problems of Alkalophilic Bacteria.- 99·Bacterial Periplasmic Binding Proteins.- 100·Active Transport of Amino Acids in Bacteria: Advances Resulting from Genetic and Recombinant DNA Techniques.- 101·Recent Trends in Genetic Studies of Bacterial Amino Acid Transport Mutants.- 102·sn-Glycerol-3-Phosphate Transport in Escherichia coli.- 103·Receptor-Dependent Transport Systems in Escherichia coli for Iron Complexes and Vitamin B12.- 104·Bacterial Inorganic Cations and Anion Transport Systems: A Bug’s Eye View of the Periodic Table.- 105·Mechanisms of Potassium Transport in Bacteria.- 106·Protonmotive-Force-Dependent DNA Transport across Bacterial Membranes.- 107·DNA Transport across Bacterial Membranes.- IX·Membrane-Linked Metabolite and Ion Transport Systems in Animal Cells.- 108·Nature of the Frog Skin Potential.- 109·The Analog Inhibition Strategy for Discriminating Similar Transport Systems: Is It Succeeding?.- 110·The Kinetics and Mechanism of Na+ Gradient-Coupled Glucose Transport.- 111·The Glucose Transporter of Mammalian Cells.- 112·Intestinal Transport of Sugar: The Energetics of Epithelial “Pump-Leak” Systems.- 113·The Small-Intestinal Na+/D-Glucose Carrier Is Inserted Asymmetrically with Respect to the Plane of the Brush Border Membrane: A Model.- 114·Sodium Cotransport Systems in the Kidney: Mapping of the Nephron and First Steps to a Molecular Understanding.- 115·Salt and Water Transport in the Mouse Medullary Thick Ascending Limb: Role of Antidiuretic Hormone.- 116·Na+ Gradient-Dependent Transport Systems in Renal Proximal Tubule Brush Border Membrane Vesicles.- 117·Sugar Transport in the Mammalian Nephron.- 118·Renal Tubular Control of Potassium Transport.- 119·Pathways for Solute Transport Coupled to H+, OH-, or HCO3- Gradients in Renal Microvillus Membrane Vesicles.- 120·Cell Culture Models to Study Epithelial Transport.- 121·The Electrochemical Proton Gradient and Catecholamine Accumulation into Isolated Chromaffin Granules and Ghosts.- 122·Nucleoside and Nucleobase Uptake in Cultured Animal Cells.- 123·Transport and Trans-Plasma-Membrane Redox Systems.- 124·Metabolite Transport in the Nervous System.- X·Channels, Pores, Intercellular Communication.- 125·Proteins Forming Large Channels in Biological Membranes.- 126·Gap Junction Transport Regulation.- 127·Transmembrane Channels Produced by Colicin Molecules.- 128·On the Molecular Structure and Ion Transport Mechanism of the Gramicidin Transmembrane Channel.- 129·Ion Conduction through a Pore: Gramicidin A.- 130·Conformational States of Gramicidin A in Solution and in the Membrane.- 131·Bacteriorhodopsin.- 132·Light-Induced Aldimine Bond Migration as a Possible Mechanism for Proton Transfer in Bacteriorhodopsin.- 133·Light-Energy Transduction in Halobacterium halobium.- XI·Excitable Membranes.- 134·Reconstitution of the Acetylcholine Receptor in Lipid Vesicles and in Planar Lipid Bilayers.- 135·Acetylcholinesterase: The Relationship of Protein Structure to Cellular Localization.- 136·Scorpion Neurotoxins and Their Role in the Study of Sodium Channel in Electrically Excitable Membranes.- 137·Pumiliotoxins: New Tools to Investigate Calcium-Dependent Events in Nerve and Muscle.- 138·The Acetylcholine-Receptor-Regulated Ion Transport System of Skeletal Muscle and Electric Organs.- 139·Ion Permeation through Channels in Excitable Cells: How Many Ions Per Pore?.- 140·Identification of Na+ Gating Proteins in Conducting Membranes.- 141·Swelling of Axon Membrane during Excitation.- 142·The Physical States of Nerve Myelin.- 143·Vertebrate Rod Outer Segment Membranes.- 144·Sensitivity of Biomembranes to Their Environment: Role of Stochastic Processes.- XII·The Structure and Permeability of Blood Cell Membranes.- 145·Molecular Associations of the Erythrocyte Cytoskeleton.- 146·Spectrin and the Red Cell Membrane Cytoskeleton.- 147·Molecular Features of the Cytoskeleton of the Red Cell Membrane.- 148·Structural Variation in Human Erythrocyte Sialoglycoproteins.- 149·Functional Structure of Band 3, the Anion Transport Protein of the Red Blood Cell, as Determined by Proteolytic and Chemical Cleavages.- 150·Kinetic Asymmetry of the Red Cell Anion Exchange System.- 151·Anion-Transport-Related Conformational Changes of the Band 3 Protein in the Red Blood Cell Membrane.- 152·Water Transport in Red Blood Cells.- 153·Acetyl Glyceryl Ether Phosphorylcholine: A Biologically Active Phosphoglyceride.- 154·The Effect of Intracellular Transglutaminase on Membrane Structure.- XIII·Properties of Cell Surfaces. Recognition and Interaction of Cells.- 155·Structure, Dynamics, and Signaling across Cell Membranes.- 156·Growth Control Mediated by Cell-Cell Interactions.- 157·Function and Structure of Basal Lamina at the Neuromuscular Junction.- 158·Lectin Receptors on Lymphocytes: Their Use for Cell Identification and Separation.- 159·Transfer of Membrane Constituents between Cells: A Novel Approach to Study the Involvement of Lymphocyte Plasma Membrane in the Immune Response.- 160·Receptor-Mediated Segregation and Transport of Lysosomal Enzymes.- XIV·The Control of Cell Surfaces. Growth Regulation, Hormones, Hormone Receptors, and Transformation.- 161·Growth Regulation by Transport into Mammalian Cells.- 162·Hepatic Metabolism of Serum Asialoglycoproteins.- 163·Regulation of Insulin Receptor Metabolism.- 164·Translocation Hypothesis of the Insulin-Dependent Activation of Glucose Transport in Fat Cells.- 165·Hybridization and Implantation of Membrane Components by Fusion: Hormone Receptors and Associated Molecules.- 166·Hormone-Activated Adenylate Cyclase and Protein Biosynthesis: A Similar Mechanism of Regulation by Guanine Nucleotides.- 167·Liponomic Control of Membrane Protein Function: A Possible Model of Hormone Action.- 168·Structure of the Oligosaccharide Residues of Membrane Glycoproteins.- 169·Liposome-Mediated Delivery of Macromolecules into Eukaryotic Cells.- 170·Enzyme Replacement Therapy: Specific Targeting of Exogenous Enzymes to Storage Cells.- 171·Exocytosis under Conditions of Intracellular Solute Control.- XV·Membrane-Linked Metabolic and Transport Processes in Plants.- 172·The Proton-Linked ATPase of Chloroplasts.- 173·Protein Complexes in Chloroplast Membranes.- 174·Export of Light-Generated Reducing Equivalents from Illuminated Chloroplasts by Shuttle Mechanisms.- 175·Membrane Protein-Proton Interactions in Chloroplast Bioenergetics: Localized pH Effects Deduced from the Use of Chemical Modifiers.- 176·Organization and Function of the Chloroplast Thylakoid Membrane Obtained from Studies on Inside-out Vesicles.- 177·The Plasma Membrane ATPase of Plant Cells: Cation or Proton Pump?.- 178·Kinetic Analysis of Regulation of Membrane Transport.- 179·Membrane Transport in Charophyte Plants: Chemiosmotic but Electrically Versatile.- 180·Electrogenic Transport at the Plasma Membrane of Plant Cells.- 181·Ion Transport across the Root.- 182·The Synthesis of Fatty Acids in Plant Systems.