Melanocortins: Multiple Actions and Therapeutic Potential

ISBN-13: 9781493951512 / Angielski / Miękka / 2016 / 153 str.

Anna Catania

Opis

This book spans information on chemistry, pharmacology, distribution, and therapeutic potential of melanocortins. It represents the effort of an international group of scientists to provide the latest perspectives on all aspects of the melanocortin molecules.

Spis treści

1. Structure?Activity Relationships (SAR) of Melanocortin and Agouti?Related (AGRP) Peptides Anamika Singh, Erica M. Haslach and Carrie Haskell?Luevano Abstract Introduction Structure and Chemistry of Melanocortin Peptides Structure?Activity Relationships (SAR) Agouti?Related Protein (AGRP) Development of Chimeric Peptide Analogues Conclusion 2. Melanocortin Signalling Mechanisms Paula C. Eves and John W. Haycock Abstract Introduction Melanocortin Receptors Melanocortins and Pigmentation Melanocortin Anti?Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Roles Intracellular Signalling of Melanocortin Peptides Melanocortin Receptor Antagonists and Agonists Conclusion 3. Distribution and Function of Melanocortin Receptors within the Brain Kathleen G. Mountjoy Abstract Introduction MC1R Is Expressed in the Periaqueductal Gray and the MC1R Regulates Pain and Analgesia MC2R Is Expressed in Teleost Fish Brain and Fetal Mouse Brain, but Not in Adult Mammalian Brain MC3R Is Specifically Expressed in Hypothalamus and the Limbic System Where Its Functions Are Not Clearly Understood MC4R Is Expressed in Distinct Nuclei in Every Region of the Brain Reflecting It’s Many Diverse Functions in the Brain MC5R Expression and Function in the Brain Is Unclear Melanocortin Receptor Accessory Proteins (MRAPs) Conclusion 4. Drugs, Exercise, and the Melanocortin?4 Receptor—Different Means, Same Ends: Treating Obesity Jay W. Schaub, Erin B. Bruce, and Carrie Haskell?Luevano Abstract Introduction Melanocortins Exercise Conclusion 5. Melanocortins in Brain Inflamation: The Role of Melanocortin Receptor Subtypes Ruta Muceniece and Maija Dambrova Abstract Introduction Distribution of MC Expressing Neurons and MC Receptors in the Brain MCR Subtypes and Brain Inflammation Main Intracellular Signalling Pathways of MC Receptors Potential Therapeutic Applications of MC Receptor Subtype Selective Compounds Conclusion 6. Melanocortins and the Cholinergic Anti?Inflamatory Pathway DanielaGiuliani, Alessandra Ottani, Domenica Altavilla, Carla Bazzani, Francesco Squadrito and Salvatore Guarini Abstract Introduction The Inflammatory Reflex Antishock Effects of Melanocortins Melanocortins Reverse Circulatory Shock through Activation of the Cholinergic Anti?Inflammatory Pathway Protective Effect of Melanocortins in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Melanocortins Prevent Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion?Induced Damage through Activation of the Cholinergic Anti?Inflammatory Pathway Neuroprotection by Melanocortins in Ischemic Stroke Melanocortins Produce Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Stroke by Activating the Cholinergic Anti?Inflammatory Pathway Conclusion 7. Melanocortin Control of Cell Traficking in Vascular Inflamation Hetal B. Patel, Giovanna Leoni, Trinidad Montero Melendez, André L.F. Sampaio and Mauro Perretti Abstract Introduction Inflammation: Cell Trafficking and Microcirculation Melancortins in Experimental Inflammation Effects of Melanocortins on Inflammatory Cells In Vitro Lessons from Melanocortin Knockout Mice Drug Discovery Melanocortin Peptide Pharmacology Conclusion 8. Terminal Signal: Anti?Inflamatory Efects of ??Melanocyte?Stimulating Hormone Related Peptides Beyond the Pharmacophore Thomas Brzoska, Markus Böhm, Andreas Lügering, Karin Loser and Thomas A. Luger Abstract Introduction ??MSH Related Peptides and Melanocortin Receptors—Mediation of Anti?Inflammatory Effects? Anti?Inflammatory Effects of ??MSH Related Tripeptides In Vitro and Vivo Therapeutic Potential of ??MSH?Related Tripeptides in Human Immune?Mediated Inflammatory Diseases Conclusion 9. Protective Efects of Melanocortins in Systemic Host Reactions Stefano Gatti, Caterina Lonati, Andrea Sordi and Anna Catania Abstract Introduction Fever Endotoxemia and Septic Shock Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Organ Transplantation Conclusion 10. Development of ??Melanocortin Analogs for Melanoma

O autorze

ANNA CATA NIA, MD, PhD is a director of Center for Preclinical Investigation at Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milano, Italy. She received her degree in Medicine and Surgery at the University of Milan and postdoctoral degree in Endocrinology and Metabolism at the University of Genoa, Italy. For over a decade she has been visiting scientist at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas. During the past 20 years, her research activity has been focused on molecular biology and preclinical testing of melanocortins.