Measurement in the Social Sciences: Theories and Strategies

ISBN-13: 9780202302720 / Angielski / Miękka / 1974 / 473 str.

Jr. H. M. Blalock; Jr. H. M. Blalock

Opis

Among the frustrations constantly confronting the social scientist are those associated with the general process of measurement. The importance of good measurement has long been recognized in principle, but it has often been neglected in practice in many of the social sciences. Now that the methodological tools of multivariate analysis, simultaneous-equation estimation, and causal modeling are diffused more widely into the social sciences, and now that the very serious implications of random and non-random measurement errors are being systematically investigated, it is all the more important that social scientists give top priority to the quality of their data and the clarity of their theoretical conceptualizations. The book is organized so that, one proceeds from problems of data collection to those of data analysis. It is not intended to be a complete work covering all types of measurement problems that have arisen in the social sciences. Instead, it represents a series of studies that are deemed to be crucial for the advancement of social science research but which have not received sufficient attention in most of the social sciences. The basic purpose is to stimulate further methodological research on measurement and to study the ways in which knowledge that has been accumulated in some fields may be generalized. Part I is concerned with applying scaling approaches developed in psychometrics to problems that arise in other social sciences. The focus is on finding better ways to ask questions of respondents so as to raise the level of measurement above that of simple ordinal scales. Part II focuses on multiple-indicator theory and strategies as applied to relatively complex models and to change data. In this section the emphasis shifts to how one analyzes fallible data through the construction of explicit measurement-error models. Part III deals with the statistical analysis of ordinal data, including the interpretation and empirical behaviors of various ordinal measures of association.

Spis treści

1: Introduction; I: Implications of Alternative Data-Collection Approaches; 2: A Fully Nonmetric Unfolding Technique: Interval Values from Ordinal Data; 3: Social Attitudes: Magnitude Measurement and Theory; 4: Relations Between Scales; 5: Memory and The Assessment of Behavior; 6: Measurement Error in Sociometry; II: Multiple Indicator Approaches; 7: An Empirical and Algebraic Analysis of Alternative Techniques for Measuring Unobserved Variables; 8: Multiple Indicators: Some Criteria of Selection; 9: Quantifying Unmeasured Variables; 10: The Causal Approach to Measurement Error in Panel Analysis: Some Further Contingencies; III: Ordinal Measurement; 11: Measures of Association for Bivariate Ordinal Hypotheses; 12: Ordinal Measures of Association and the General Linear Model; 13: Nonparametric Partial Correlation; 14: Ordinal Partial Correlation and Causal Inferences; 15: Beyond Ordinal Measurement: Weak Tests of Stronger Theories

O autorze

Hubert M. Blalock