Magma to Microbe: Modeling Hydrothermal Processes at Oceanic Spreading Centers

ISBN-13: 9780875904436 / Angielski / Twarda / 2008 / 286 str.

Lowell, Robert P.

Opis

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 178.

Hydrothermal systems at oceanic spreading centers reflect the complex interactions among transport, cooling and crystallization of magma, fluid circulation in the crust, tectonic processes, water-rock interaction, and the utilization of hydrothermal fluids as a metabolic energy source by microbial and macro-biological ecosystems. The development of mathematical and numerical models that address these complex linkages is a fundamental part the RIDGE 2000 program that attempts to quantify and model the transfer of heat and chemicals from -mantle to microbes- at oceanic ridges. This volume presents the first -state of the art- picture of model development in this context. The most outstanding feature of this volume is its emphasis on mathematical and numerical modeling of a broad array of hydrothermal processes associated with oceanic spreading centers. By examining the state of model development in one volume, both cross-fertilization of ideas and integration across the disparate disciplines that study seafloor hydrothermal systems is facilitated. Students and scientists with an interest in oceanic spreading centers in general and more specifically in ridge hydrothermal processes will find this volume to be an up-to-date and indispensable resource.

Hydrothermal systems at oceanic spreading centers reflect the complex interactions among transport, cooling and crystallization of magma, fluid circulation in the crust, tectonic processes, water–rock interaction, and the utilization of hydrothermal fluids as a metabolic energy source by microbial and macro–biological ecosystems.

Spis treści

Preface
Robert P. Lowell, Jeffrey S. Seewald, Anna Metaxas, and Michael R. Perfit vii

Modeling Seafloor Hydrothermal Processes: Magma to Microbe An Overview
Robert P. Lowell, Jeffrey S. Seewald, Anna Metaxas, and Michael R. Perfit 1

Modeling Multiphase, Multicomponent Processes at Oceanic Spreading Centers
Robert P. Lowell, Brendan W. Crowell, Kayla C. Lewis, and Lei Liu 15

The Supply of Heat to Mid–Ocean Ridges by Crystallization and Cooling of Mantle Melts
John Maclennan 45

Seismological Constraints on Magmatic and Hydrothermal Processes at Ridges
Maya Tolstoy 75

Modeling the Hydrothermal Response to Earthquakes at Oceanic Spreading Centers
Pierre Ramondenc, Leonid N. Germanovich, and Robert P. Lowell 97

The Chemistry of Diffuse–Flow Vent Fluids on the Galapagos Rift (86°W): Temporal Variability and Subseafloor Phase Equilibria Controls
N. J. Pester, D.A. Butterfield, D. I. Foustoukos, K. K. Roe, K. Ding, T. M. Shank, and W. E. Seyfried Jr. 123

Hydrothermal Fluid Composition at Middle Valley, Northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Temporal and Spatial Variability
Anna Cruse, Jeffrey S. Seewald, Peter J. Saccocia, and Robert Zierenberg 145

Reactive Transport and Numerical Modeling of Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: A Review
Peter Alt–Epping and Larryn W. Diamond 167

Observational, Experimental and Theoretical Constraints on Carbon Cycling in Mid–Ocean Ridge Hydrothermal Systems
Thomas M. McCollom 193

Modeling the Impact of Diffuse Vent Microorganisms Along Mid–Ocean Ridges and Flanks
Julie A. Huber and James F. Holden 215

Magma–to–Microbe Networks in the Context of Sulfide Hosted Microbial Ecosystems
Matthew O. Schrenk, James F. Holden, and John A. Baross 233

Processes and Interactions in Macrofaunal Assemblages at Hydrothermal Vents: A Modeling Perspective
Katriona Shea, Anna Metaxas, Curtis R. Young, and Charles R. Fisher 259

The Role of Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems in the Evolution of Seawater Composition During the Phanerozoic
Lee R. Kump 275

Index 285