Macromolecular Concept and Strategy for Humanity in Science, Technology and Industry

ISBN-13: 9783642646652 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 184 str.

Seizo Okamura; Bengt Ranby; Yoshikazu Ito

Opis

New macromolecular concepts and strategies are demonstrated in this unique book. It deals with the harmonization of humanity in science, technology and industry. Particular attention is given to the relationship between the sensitivity of the human mind and the functionality of polymers such as "Shingosen." Moreover, biocompatibility of functional polymers for medical applications and fabrics is discussed as one of the prime examples of human creativity. Lessons of conventional wisdom of traditional Japanese shrine carpenters, which originated 1300 years ago in Horyuji Temple in Nara Japan, can be applied to modern business management by entrepreneurs and in high-tech industries.

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- 2 The Concept of Macromolecules - Emergence, Development and Acceptance.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The Early Polymer Industry.- 2.2.1 Rubber Industry.- 2.2.2 Cellulose-Based Industry.- 2.2.3 Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin (Bakelite).- 2.3 Early Studies of the Molecular Structure of Native Substances.- 2.3.1 Havea Rubber.- 2.3.2 Starch.- 2.3.3 Cellulose.- 2.3.4 Lignin.- 2.3.5 Proteins.- 2.4 The Macromolecular Concept.- 2.4.1 Staudinger’s Contributions.- 2.4.2 Supporting Evidence for the Macromolecular Concept.- 2.4.3 The Established Macromolecular Concept.- 2.5 References.- 3 Polymers — A Growing Science.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Polymerization.- 3.3 The Molecular Weight (Mass) of Macromolecules.- 3.4 The Physical Chemistry of Polymers.- 3.5 The Properties of Polymeric Materials.- 3.6 Analysis of Polymer Chain Structure.- 3.7 Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP).- 3.8 Electrically Conducting Polymers (ECP).- 3.9 Conclusions.- 3.10 References.- 4 A New Trend in Polymer Science and Technology for Humanity.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Property of Polymeric Materials as the Primary Performance.- 4.3 Functionality as the Secondary Performance.- 4.4 Sensitivity as the Tertiary and Final Stage.- 4.5 Functionality (Front Side) and Sensitivity (Back Side) in the Fusion of Technique and Arts.- 4.6 References.- 5 Plastics and Rubber.- 5.1 Developments Before 1950 — The First Generation of Plastics.- 5.2 Construction Plastic Materials — The Second Generation of Plastics.- 5.3 Specialty Polymeric Materials — The Third Generation of Plastics.- 5.4 Electrically Conducting Polymers.- 5.5 Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP) and Other Specialty Polymers.- 5.6 Elastomers.- 5.7 The World-Wide Polymer Industry.- 5.8 References.- 6 Recent Progress of Fiber Technology and Applications - the Creation of New Values -.- 6.1 Overall Reviews.- 6.1.1 Business Trends in the Japanese Fiber and Textile Industry.- 6.1.2 The Japanese Synthetic Fiber Industry Entering a Period of Maturity.- 6.1.3 Prospects for the Synthetic Fiber Industry.- 6.2 Technological Innovation of New Fibers (Shingosen).- 6.2.1 Technological Developments of New Synthetic Fibers.- 6.2.2 Impact of Technology on Labor Productivity.- 6.2.3 Recent Trends in Development and Application of High Performance and Functional Fibers.- 6.2.4 Improvement of Surface Properties of Polyester.- 6.3 New Synthetic Fibers for Apparel Applications.- 6.3.1 Review of Development of the Shingosen (New Synthetic Fibers).- 6.3.2 Success Stories of Toray’s New Shingosen Products.- 6.3.3 Innovation of Textile Production Process and Distribution Systems.- 6.3.3.1 Revolutionary System of Apparel Production.- 6.3.3.2 Fully Automated Sewing System.- 6.3.4 New Trends in Sensibility and New Synthetic Fibers.- 6.3.5 New Concept of Shingosen.- 6.4 High Performance Fibers and Advanced Composite Materials.- 6.4.1 Key Technologies of Super Fibers.- 6.4.2 Prospects for Carbon Fibers and CF Reinforced Composites.- 6.4.3 Trends in Technological Development of Carbon Fibers.- 6.4.4 Matrix Resins.- 6.4.5 Properties of Composite Materials.- 6.4.6 Molding Technologies.- 6.4.7 Lesson of Fiberglass Reinforced Composites.- 6.5 Plastic Optical Fibers for the Communication Industry.- 6.5.1 Overview of Fiber Optics.- 6.5.2 Structure of Plastic Optical Fibers and Distinctive Features of New Products.- 6.5.3 Lowering Transmission Loss.- 6.6 Management of the Fiber Industry in the Age of High Technology.- 6.6.1 Worldwide Operations.- 6.6.2 Management in High-Tech Super-Industrial Society.- 6.7 References.- 7 Recent Progress in the Objective Measurement of Fabric Hand.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Hand Judgement for the Evaluation of Fabric Character and Quality.- 7.3 Primary Hand and Total Hand.- 7.4 Objective Evaluation of Fabric Hand.- 7.5 Developments in the Application of Objective Evaluation.- 7.5.1 Fabric Characterization.- 7.5.2 Discrimination of Fabric Hand for Fabric Design.- 7.5.3 Development of New Fabrics.- 7.5.4 Quality of Artificial Leather.- 7.5.5 Quality of Facial Tissue Paper.- 7.5.6 Quality of Automobile Upholstery.- 7.6 Conclusions.- 7.7 References.- 8 Impact of Medical Technology Utilizing Macromolecules on Society.- 8.1 Overview.- 8.1.1 Introduction.- 8.1.2 Medical Devices in which Macromolecules Play as a Key Role.- 8.1.2.1 Polymeric Biomaterials.- 8.1.2.2 Blood-Compatible Polymeric Materials.- 8.1.2.3 Polymer Membranes and Adsorbents as Biomaterials for Blood Treatment Applications.- 8.1.2.4 Polymeric Biomaterials for Ophthalmic Applications.- 8.1.3 Impact on Society.- 8.1.3.1 New Medical Technology and its Impact.- 8.1.3.2 Establishment of Safety Standards.- 8.2 Application of Hollow Fiber Membrane Made from Various Macromolecules to Blood Purification Devices.- 8.2.1 Artificial Kidney.- 8.2.2 Membrane Plasmapheresis.- 8.2.3 Membrane Oxygenator.- 8.2.4 Other Devices.- 8.3 Impact of Dental Polymeric Adhesives on Dental Materials and Dentistry.- 8.3.1 Dental Polymeric Adhesives.- 8.3.2 New Dental Materials and New Dentistry Based on Dental Adhesives.- 8.4 References.- 9 Agendas for Research Cooperation in the Japanese Chemical and Materials Industry.- 9.1 Abstract.- 9.2 Industrial Trends and Restructuring in the Japanese Chemical and Materials Industry.- 9.3 Public and Private Cooperation in R & D Activities for Innovative Future Technology.- 9.4 Research in Developed Countries.- 9.5 New Advanced Materials.- 9.6 Setting Research Agendas and Organization of the Public and Private Sectors.- 9.7 Prospects for the Chemical Industry in a New Chemical Age.- 9.8 Conclusion.- 9.9 International Competition and Cooperation.- 9.10 References.- 10 Management Strategy for R & D and Industrial Policy.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Global Management Strategy Survey Mission in 1979,1984, and 1988.- 10.3 Examples of Collaborative Industrial Research.- 10.4 R & D is Essential for Business Success.- 10.5 Economic Symbiosis: Building New World Order and Concepts Used to Build Japanese Pagodas.- 10.6 Conclusion.- 10.7 References.- 11 Polymers as the Basis of Human Body and Mind.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Knowledge and Wisdom.- 11.3 Importance of the Fusion of Concepts.- 11.3.1 Concept and Theory.- 11.3.2 Strategy and Tactics.- 11.3.3 Fusions.- 11.3.4 Knowledge vs Wisdom, and Science vs Arts.- 11.4 Physical Science as Body and Psychological Science as Mind.- 11.5 Human Spirit Through Macromolecular Conception.- 11.6 References.

O autorze

New macromolecular concepts and strategies are demonstrated in this unique book. Biocompatibility of functional polymers for medical applications and fabrics is discussed. The historical wisdom presented here can be applied to modern business management.

Blurb

New macromolecular concepts and strategies are demonstrated in this unique book. It deals with the harmonization of humanity in science, technology and industry. Particular attention is given to the relationship between the sensitivity of the human mind and the functionality of polymers such as "Shingosen". Moreover, biocompatibility of functional polymers for medical applications and fabrics is discussed as one of the prime examples of human creativity. Lessons of conventional wisdom of traditional Japanese shrine carpenters, which originated 1300 years ago in Horyuji Temple in Nara Japan, can be applied to the modern business management by entrepreneurs and in high-tech industries. For scientists and professionals in polymer and material sciences as well as history of chemistry.