Liquid Chromatography in Environmental Analysis

ISBN-13: 9780896030459 / Angielski / Twarda / 1984 / 376 str.

A. Lawrence

Opis

Provides an engaging account of how genetic abnormalities, neurobiology and neuropsychology work in concert to manifest cognitive-behavioral dysfunction. The authors have woven the various molecular genetic, genomic, neurophysiological and neurobehavioral threads together into a cohesive fabric of human genes, brain, and behavior. The first section provides and introduction to neurobehavioral disorders and their phenotypes in order to investigate the pathway between genes and behavior. The second section covers autosomal disorders that produce neurobehavioral dysfunction including neurofibromatosis, Prader-Willi syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis among others. The final section considers X-linked disorders in which syndromal and nonsyndromal forms of XLMR are present. It includes the first comprehensive account of the genotype and phenotype in FRAXE, the other fragile X mutation.

Spis treści

1 Quality Assurance in Environmental Trace Analysis.- 1. The Quality Assurance Program.- 1.1. Objectives of a Quality Assurance Program.- 1.2. Elements Evaluated by the Quality Assurance Program.- 1.3. Management of the Quality Assurance Program.- 1.4. Documentation.- 2. Quality Control Procedures in the Quality Assurance Program.- 2.1. Role of Quality Control Procedures.- 2.2. Blanks, Replicates, and Spiked Samples.- 2.3. Evaluation of Results.- 3. Operation of a Quality Assurance Program.- 3.1. Feedback to the Analyst.- 3.2. Corrective Actions.- 3.3. Quality Assurance Program Changes.- References.- 2 Applications of HPLC to the Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Nomenclature, Structure, and Carcinogenicity.- 3. Origin and Formation in the Environment.- 4. Methods of Analysis for Polycyclic Hydrocarbons.- 4.1. Nonpolar Chemically Bonded Stationary Phase.- 4.2. Polar Chemically Bonded Stationary Phase.- 4.3. Separation of PANH, PASH, and Nitro-PAH.- 4.4. Detection and Identification.- 5. HPLC Applications in PAH Analysis.- 5.1. Air Particulates, Fly Ash, Carbon Black, and Coal Tar Pitch.- 5.2. Water and Waste Water.- 5.3. Sediments, Fish, Mussels, and Meat.- 5.4. Petroleum and Synthetic Fuels.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- 3 HPLC of Pesticide Residues in Environmental Samples.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Instrumentation and Methodology.- 2.1. Pumps.- 2.2. Injection Systems.- 2.3. Columns and Column Packing.- 2.4. Detectors.- 2.5. Solvents.- 2.6. Preparation of Derivatives.- 3. Applications.- 3.1. Water.- 3.2. Examples.- 3.3. Soil.- 3.4. Examples.- 3.5. Hydrosoil.- 3.6. Example.- 3.7. Plant Material.- 3.8. Examples.- 3.9. Animal Tissue.- 3.10. Example.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 4 HPLC Determination of Surfactants and Related Compounds.- 1. Anionic Surfactants and Related Compounds.- 1.1. General Methods.- 1.2. Analysis of Anionic Surfactants in Environmental Samples by Means of HPLC.- 2. Nonionic Surfactants.- 2.1. General Methods.- 2.2. Analysis of Nonionic Surfactants in Environmental Samples by Means of HPLC.- 3. Cationic and Amphoteric Surfactants and Related Compounds.- 3.1. General Methods.- 3.2. Analysis of Cationic Surfactants in Environmental Samples by Means of HPLC.- References.- 5 Trace Metal Analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography.- 1. Introduction.- 2. HPLC—Ultraviolet, —Visible, and/or —Fluorescence Detection of Metal Species.- 3. HPLC—Mass Spectrometric Detection of Metal Species.- 4. HPLC—Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic Detection of Metal Species.- 5. HPLC—Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopic Detection of Metal Species.- 6. HPLC—Inductively Coupled or —Direct-Current Plasma Emission Spectroscopic Detection of Metal Species.- 6.1 HPLC—Direct—Current Plasma Emission Spectroscopic Detection of Metal Species.- 7. HPLC—Electrochemical and —Conductivity Detection of Metal Species.- 8. Ion Chromatography—Conductivity Detection of Metal Species.- 9. Conclusions.- References.- 6 Anion Analysis by Ion Chromatography.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Separation Modes.- 2.1. High Performance Ion Chromatography (HPIC).- 2.2. Mobile-Phase Ion Chromatography (MPIC).- 2.3. High Performance Ion Chromatography Exclusion (HPICE).- 2.4. Summary of Separation Techniques.- 3. Detection Modes.- 3.1. Fiber Suppressors.- 3.2. Suppression via Precipitation.- 3.3. Other Detection Modes.- 4. New Applications in Anion Ion Chromatography.- 4.1. Cyanide and Cyanide Complexes.- 4.2. Acid Rain Analysis.- 4.3. Trace Iodide Determination.- 4.4. Chromate Determination.- 4.5. Trace Analysis of Bulk Chemicals.- 4.6. Trace Determination of Nitrate.- 4.7. Brine Analysis.- 4.8. Miscellaneous Anion Separations.- 5. Summary.- References.- 7 HPLC Sample Injection and Column Switching.- 1. HPLC Sample Injection Using Valves.- 1.1. Sample Injection onto 2 mm id or Larger HPLC Columns.- 1.2. Injection onto Small Bore (