Ladle Metallurgy

ISBN-13: 9781461281474 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 166 str.

Julian Szekely; G. Ran Carlsson; Lars Helle

Opis

The purpose of this text is to introduce the reader to the science, practice and economics of ladle metallurgy. In recent years ladle metallurgy has become an important component of the overall ironmaking/steel processing operational sequence. Indeed, some form of ladle treatment has become indispensable in modern steelmaking practice. This book provides a comprehensive description of ladle metallurgy practice, together with the underlying fundamentals and the process economics. The material provides a synthesis of recent published information on the subject. The combined expertise of the authors, including academic, industrial research and steelmaking operations provides a balanced view of this important subject.

Spis treści

1 Overview of Injection Technology.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Apparatus.- 1.3 Hot Metal Pretreatment.- 1.4 Steel Refining.- 1.5 Foundry.- 1.6 Copper.- 1.7 Aluminium.- 1.8 Ferro Alloy.- References.- 2 The Fundamental Aspects of Injection Metallurgy.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Thermodynamics.- 2.3 Gas and Solids Delivery.- 2.4 Injection of Particles into Melts.- 2.5 The Kinetics of Ladle Metallurgy Operations.- 2.6 Fluid Flow and Mixing in Ladle Metallurgy Systems.- 2.7 Convective Mass Transfer and Kinetics.- 2.8 Heat Transfer.- References.- 3 Injection Practice in the Secondary Metallurgy of Steel.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Description of the Process.- 3.3 Theoretical Approach to Powder Injection.- 3.4 Discussion of the Results Obtained with Powder Injection.- 3.5 Costs and Productivity.- 3.6 Future Aspects.- References.- 4 Economic Considerations.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Unit Pric.- 4.3 Consumption.- 4.4 Capital Costs.- 4.5 Economic Interactions with Other Processes.- 5 Testing Technique for Powder Injection.- 5.1 Dry Blowing Tests.- 5.2 Screen Analysis.- 5.3 Hand Test of Powder Material.- 5.4 Water Model Tests.- 5.5 Angle of Repose.- References.