Lactoferrin and Its Role in Wound Healing

ISBN-13: 9789400724662 / Angielski / Twarda / 2011 / 108 str.

Yoshiharu Takayama

Opis

Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin family. It acts as a defense in host animals against microbes and viruses, since it has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Lactoferrin has been shown to regulate the growth and differentiation of many types of cells. The results of recent studies indicate that lactoferrin is a potent regulator of dermal fibroblasts, and promotes cutaneous wound healing. The collagen gel contraction, a model of wound contraction during wound healing process, and migration of human fibroblasts were enhanced by lactoferrin. LRP-1 (LDL Receptor related Protein-1) acts as a signaling receptor for lactoferrin that mediate fibroblast response to lactoferrin by activating ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, lactoferrin promotes biosynthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) component such as type-I collagen and hyaluronan. Hyaluronan is a major component of ECM in connective tissue and promotes wound healing. The promoting effect of lactoferrin on hyaluronan production was accompanied by promotion of HAS2 (hyaluronan synthase 2) expression. These observations suggest that lactoferrin promotes the wound healing by providing an ECM that promotes fibroblast migration. Lactoferrin is also known for its anti-inflammatory and immune modulating properties. According to recent in vivo study, lactoferrin promotes wound repair by promoting the early inflammatory phase of wound healing. Based on this, recombinant human lactoferrin was subsequently tested clinically in a Phase II trial in patients with diabetic ulcers and was found to be effective. Lactoferrin should be further evaluated in patients with diabetic and other types of ulcers.

Spis treści

Preface

1. Molecular regulation of wound healing
- Introduction
- The immediate response
- Inflammatory response
- Reepithelialization
- Granulation tissue formation
- Wound contraction
- Angiogenesis
- Remodeling
- Resolution of inflammation
- Proteases in wound healing
- Anti-microbial peptides
- Chronic wound healing
- References

2. Role of hyaluronan in wound healing
- Introduction
- Structure
- Biosynthesis
- Mammalian hyaluronidase
- Hyaluronan fragment
- Role on cancer
- Hyaluronan in dermis and epidermis
- Role on wound healing
- References

3. Lactoferrin structure, function and genetics
- Introduction
- Lactoferrin expression and localization
- Lactoferrin structure
- Iron-binding properties of lactoferrin
- Lactoferrin metabolism
- Anti-bacterial activity of lactoferrin
- Bactericidal activity of lactoferrin derived peptides
- Anti-viral activity of lactoferrin
- Anti-parasitic and anti-fungal activity of lactoferrin
- Immunoregulatory properties of lactoferrin
- Anti-inflammatory activity of lactoferrin
- Anti-oxidative effect of lactoferrin
- Genetics
- Other functions
- References

4. Lactoferrin as a signaling mediator
- Introduction
- Intestinal lactoferrin receptor (Intelectin)
- LDL receptor related protein (LRP)
- Hepatocyte lactoferrin receptor
- Nucleolin
- Monocytes and macrophage lactoferrin receptor
- Dendritic cell lactoferrin receptor
- Lymphocyte lactoferrin receptor
- Cell cycle control and apoptosis induction
- Angiogenesis
- Fibroblasts
- Osteogenic differentiation
- Osteoclasts
- Chondrogenic differentiation
- Adipogenesis
- Lactoferrin receptor in brain capillary endothelial cells
- Platelet lactoferrin receptor
- Lactoferrin receptor in epithelial cells
- Lactoferrin receptor in respiratory epithelial cells
- Transcription regulator
- References

5. Effects of lactoferrin on skin wound healing
- Introduction
- Cell proliferation and migration
- Collagen gel contraction by fibroblasts
- Molecular mechanism of wound healing
- Regulation of cell adhesion
- Hyaluronan synthesis
- Production of extracellular matrix components
- Corneal epithelia wound healing
- Talactoferrin
- Cutaneous immunity
- Anti-apoptotic effect
- Diabetic ulcers
- References

Blurb

“Lactoferrin and its Role in Wound Healing” summarizes the recent advances of molecular mechanisms of wound healing. It is a complex physiological process that requires the regulation of different types of cells such as immune cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells.

Lactoferrin was first identified as an iron-binding glycoprotein abundantly found in milk. It has been considered to play important roles in host defense, since lactoferrin shows broad spectrum of anti-bacterial and anti-viral activities, arising from its iron-chelating property. Furthermore, lactoferrin can regulate the function of innate and adaptive immune cells and exhibits immuno-modulating properties. These activities of lactoferrin implicate that potential use of lactoferrin as a wound healing agent. In addition, this book shows that lactoferrin is a potent regulator of dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes, and promotes skin or corneal epithelial wound healing by increasing their proliferation, migration or deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as collagen and hyaluronan. This book provides the scientific background on use of lactoferrin as a wound healing agent. Indeed, lactoferrin exerts its biological effects by binding to specific lactoferrin receptors on target cells. This book also covers the in-depth information on roles of lactoferrin as a signaling molecule.