Ion-Exchange Sorption and Preparative Chromatography of Biologically Active Molecules

ISBN-13: 9781468489101 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 178 str.

G. V. Samsonov

Opis

This book deals with the physico-chemical principles underlying ion- exchange sorption and chromatog aphy. It does not cover in any detail the experimental and instrumental aspects of practical separations. The author has developed the subject starting from the synthesis and structure of the ion exchangers employed, through the thermodynamics of sorption selectivity and the equilibrium dynamics of ion sorption, to the kinetics and dynamics of non-equilibrium ion-exchange systems. Throughout this treatment the additional factors arising from the exchange of complex organic ions, as opposed to simple mineral ones, have been interwoven. The author has stressed the application in the separation of organic ions with biological activity, many of which are synthesized in biotechnological processes, and in view of this he uses the expression "physico-chemical biotechnology." In practice, however, his in-depth treatment is applicable to any charged organic species with multifunction- ality and/or high molecular weight, and is therefore by no means restricted to biologically active materials, and certainly not to those molecules from a biotechnological source. Bearing this in mind, the text has a much wider value than the title may convey.

Spis treści

One Introduction.- 1.1 The Problems of Fine Physico-Chemical Biotechnology.- 1.2 Physico-Chemical Methods of Separating Mixtures.- 1.3 Preparative Selective Sorption and Chromatography.- Two Ionite Permeability and Porosity.- 2.1 Types of Highly Permeable Network Polyelectrolytes.- 2.2 Methods for Studying the Permeability and Porosity of Network Polyelectrolytes.- 2.3 The Structure and Properties of Very Permeable Network Polyelectrolytes.- 2.4 The Conformational State and Flexibility of the Structural Elements of Network Polyelectrolytes.- Three Ion-Exchange Equilibrium, Thermodynamics, and Sorption Selectivity of Organic and Physiologically Active Substances.- 3.1 Ionite Exchange Capacity.- 3.2 Equivalence of Ion Exchange.- 3.3 Ion-Exchange Processes without the Sorption of Physiologically Active Substances.- 3.4 Isotherms of Equivalent Ion Exchange.- 3.5 Ion Exchange on Ionites with Heterogeneous Active Centers.- 3.6 The Selectivity of Ion Exchange as a Function of the Counter-Ion Mole Fraction in the Ionite.- 3.7 Sorption Selectivity of Ions as a Function of Electrolyte Concentration in the External Solution.- 3.8 Ion Exchange with Weak Electrolytes.- 3.9 Ion Exchange, Hydration, and Swelling.- 3.10 Selective Sorption of Organic Ions.- 3.11 Sorption of Organic Ions and Ionite Particle Size.- 3.12 Ion Exchange with Physiologically Active Substances.- 3.12.1 Antibiotics.- 3.12.1a Antibiotics of the Tetracycline Group.- 3.12.1b Erythromycin and Oleandomycin.- 3.12.1c Penicillin and Novobiocin.- 3.12.1d Aminocyclitols (Streptomycin, Kanamycin, and Neomycin).- 3.12.2 Amino Acids and Proteins.- 3.12.3 Nucleosides, Nucleotides, Alkaloids, Sulfonamides, and Miscellaneous Physiologically Active Substances.- Four Equilibrium Dynamics of Ion Sorption and Standard Quasi-Equilibrium Frontal Chromatography.- 4.1 Sharp Front Formation for the Exchange of Ions with the Same Valence.- 4.2 Formation of Sharp Fronts during the Exchange of Ions with Different Valences.- 4.3 Formation of Sharp Fronts when Two Liquids Are Involved.- 4.4 Sorption-Displacement for a Multicomponent Exchange in a Column.- 4.5 Standard Quasi-Equilibrium Frontal Chromatography on Ionites.- Five Kinetics and Non-Equilibrium Ion-Exchange Dynamics.- 5.1 The Diffusion of Organic Ions in Ionites.- 5.1.1 A Model of the Kinetics of Ion Exchange.- 5.1.2 Internal Diffusion Kinetics.- 5.1.3 Mixed Diffusion Kinetics (Linear Sorption Isotherm).- 5.1.4 Sorption Kinetics in Ionites with Structural Heterogeneity.- 5.1.5 Experimental Investigations of the Diffusivities of Organic and Physiologically Active Ions in Ionite Beads.- 5.2 Theoretical Problems of Non-Equilibrium Dynamics of Sorption and Chromatography Involving Slowly Diffusing Organic Ions in Ionite Grains.- 5.3 Increasing the Efficiency of Low-Pressure Chromatography by Using Surface-Layer and Bidispersed Ionites.- References.