Introduction to X-Ray Powder Diffractometry

ISBN-13: 9780471513391 / Angielski / Twarda / 1996 / 432 str.

Ron Jenkins; Robert L. Snyder

Opis

This volume focuses on all the fundamentals required to understand the theory and practice of powder diffraction with an emphasis on the two most important applications: qualitative and quantitative analysis. It should be of interest to technicians and upper-graduate/graduate students, as well as researchers in this field.

Spis treści

Characteristics of X–Radiation.

The Crystalline State.

Diffraction Theory.

Sources for the Generation of X–Radiation.

Detectors and Detection Electronics.

Production of Monochromatic Radiation.

Instruments for the Measurement of Powder Patterns.

Alignment and Maintenance of Powder Diffractometers.

Specimen Preparation.

Acquisition of Diffraction Data.

Reduction of Data from Automated Powder Diffractometers.

Qualitative Analysis.

Quantitative Analysis.

Appendices.

Index.

O autorze

Ron Jenkins is General Manager at the International Centre for Diffraction Data in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania. He has been involved in X–ray research for over thirty years and has received several professional awards. Dr. Jenkins is the author of X–ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, An Introduction to X–ray Spectrometry, and six other books, as well as numerous papers and audio courses. He also wrote the section on X–ray technology in Kirk–Othmer Encyclo–pedia of Chemical Technology.

Robert L. Snyder is Professor of Ceramic Science at New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University, and Director of the university′s Institute for Ceramic Superconduc–tivity. A Fellow of the American Ceramic Society, Professor Snyder is the author of two previous books and more than 200 published papers. He is active in numerous professional organizations and speaks frequently at conferences.

Blurb

When bombarded with X–rays, solid materials produce distinct scattering patterns similar to fingerprints. X–ray powder diffraction is a technique used to fingerprint solid samples, which are then identified and cataloged for future use–much the way the FBI keeps fingerprints on file. The current database of some 70,000 material prints has been put to a broad range of uses, from the analysis of moon rocks to testing drugs for purity.

Introduction to X–ray Powder Diffractometry fully updates the achievements in the field over the past fifteen years and provides a much–needed explanation of the state–of–the–art techniques involved in characterizing materials. It covers the latest instruments and methods, with an emphasis on the fundamentals of the diffractometer, its components, alignment, calibration, and automation.

The first three chapters outline diffraction theory in clear language, accessible to both students and professionals in chemistry, physics, geology, and materials science. The book′s middle chapters describe the instrumentation and procedures used in X–ray diffraction, including X–ray sources, X–ray detection, and production of monochromatic radiation. The chapter devoted to instrument design and calibration is followed by an examination of specimen preparation methods, data collection, and reduction. The final two chapters provide in–depth discussions of qualitative and quantitative analysis.

While the material is presented in an orderly progression, beginning with basic concepts and moving on to more complex material, each chapter stands on its own and can be studied independently or used as a professional reference. More than 230 illustrations and tables demonstrate techniques and clarify complex material.

Self–contained, timely, and user–friendly, Introduction to X–ray Powder Diffractometry is an enormously useful text and professional reference for analytical chemists, physicists, geologists and materials scientists, and upper–level undergraduate and graduate students in materials science and analytical chemistry.

X–ray powder diffraction–a technique that has matured significantly in recent years–is used to identify solid samples and determine their composition by analyzing the so–called "fingerprints" they generate when X–rayed. This unique volume fulfills two major roles: it is the first textbook devoted solely to X–ray powder diffractometry, and the first up–to–date treatment of the subject in 20 years.

This timely, authoritative volume features:
∗ Clear, concise descriptions of both theory and practice–including fundamentals of diffraction theory and all aspects of the diffractometer
∗ A treatment that reflects current trends toward automation, covering the newest instrumentation and automation techniques
∗ Coverage of all the most common applications, with special emphasis on qualitative and quantitative analysis
∗ An accessible presentation appropriate for both students and professionals
∗ More than 230 tables and illustrations

Introduction to X–ray Powder Diffractometry, a collaboration between two internationally known and respected experts in the field, provides invaluable guidance to anyone using X–ray powder diffractometers and diffractometry in materials science, ceramics, the pharmaceutical industry, and elsewhere.