How to Commercialize Chemical Technologies for a Sustainable Future

ISBN-13: 9781119604846 / Angielski / Twarda / 2021 / 304 str.

Timothy J. Clark; Andrew Pasternak

Spis treści

List of Contributors xvii1 Introduction 1Timothy J. Clark and Andrew S. Pasternak1.1 What Is This Book About? 11.2 What Is a Sustainable Chemical Technology? 31.3 Commercializing Sustainable Chemical Technologies Is Challenging 41.4 Who Should Read This Book? 51.5 Structure of This Book 61.6 Using This Book 9Acknowledgments 9References 9Part I Laying the Foundation 112 Marketing and Landscape Analysis 13Tess Fennelly2.1 Introduction: Think Marketing 132.2 Creating a Marketing Plan: The Application Framework 152.3 Customer Needs and Mapping 152.4 Customer Analysis: How to Gather Customer Needs Data 162.4.1 Finding the Right Contacts 182.4.2 The Interview Form 182.5 Customer Needs Mapping 212.6 Market Segmentation 222.7 Market Segment Evaluation 252.8 Competitive Landscape and Competencies 252.9 Conclusion and Next Steps 273 Determining the True Value of a Sustainable Chemical Technology 31Lauren Heine and Margaret H. Whittaker3.1 Introduction 313.2 Sustainable Value and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 323.2.1 Embracing SDGs at the Business Level: United Nations Global Compact Participation 343.3 Life-Cycle Thinking and Life-Cycle Assessment 343.4 Attributes and Impacts: Check Your Assumptions 353.5 Business Risk and Sustainable Design - Or How to Turn an Externality into a Selling Point 373.6 Guiding Principles for Sustainable Chemical Technology Innovations: Chemistry, Carbon, and Circularity 393.6.1 Sustainable Materials Management 393.6.2 Alternatives Assessment 403.7 Chemical and Material Considerations that Impact Sustainable Value 423.7.1 Chemistry 423.7.2 Carbon 463.7.3 Circularity 463.8 Introducing Your Sustainable Chemical Technology into the Marketplace 473.8.1 Communicating Cost Versus Life-Cycle Benefits 473.8.2 Benefiting from a "Green Premium" 473.8.3 Avoid Greenwashing 483.9 Conclusions 49References 494 Intellectual Property Management and Strategy 55Nick Sutcliffe4.1 Intellectual Property 554.2 What Is an Intellectual Property Right? 564.3 The Value of Intellectual Property Rights to a Sustainable Chemical Technology Company 564.4 Patents Explained 584.4.1 What Sort of Technology Can Be Patented? 584.4.2 What Is a Patent? 584.4.3 The Patent Bargain 584.4.4 Territorial 584.4.5 Time Limitation 594.4.6 Property 594.4.7 Exclusionary Right 594.4.8 Criteria for Patentability 594.4.9 Preparing and Filing a Patent Application 614.4.10 12-Month Anniversary 624.4.11 PCT Applications 634.4.12 Patent Examiners 634.4.13 Patent Examination 634.4.14 Grant 644.4.15 Renewal Fees 644.4.16 Costs 644.5 Building an IP Portfolio 654.5.1 Invention Management 654.5.2 Deciding Whether to File a Patent Application 664.5.3 Inventions Not Patentable or Worth Patenting 674.5.4 Patent Attorneys/Agents 674.5.5 Ownership 684.5.6 When to File a Patent Application 684.5.7 Where to File a Patent Application? 694.5.8 Controlling the Speed of the Process 704.5.9 Managing the Patent Application Process 704.6 Avoiding Other People's IPRs 714.6.1 Freedom to Operate 714.6.2 Clearing Obstructions 724.6.3 Litigation 73References 76Part II Political and Environmental Considerations 795 Navigating and Leveraging Government Entrepreneurial Ecosystems for Support 81Janine Elliott and Rohit Sood5.1 What Is an Entrepreneurial Ecosystem? 815.2 Types of Resources Available 825.2.1 Financial Resources 825.2.2 Nonmonetary Resources 835.3 Ecosystems in the United States and Canada 845.3.1 Government Agencies 845.3.2 Non-profit Organizations 875.3.3 Incubators and Accelerators 885.3.4 Academic Research Institutions 895.3.5 Investors 905.3.6 Hybrids of Resources and Players 905.4 Ecosystems in the European Union 915.4.1 SusChem: A European Technology Platform of Sustainable Chemistry 925.4.2 Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Resources 925.4.3 Competitiveness of Enterprises and SMEs (COSME) 935.4.4 InnovFin - Financing for Innovators 945.4.5 European Innovation Council (EIC) Accelerator 945.4.6 Other EU Programs for the Entrepreneur 955.4.7 Prizes 965.5 Setting Priorities When Pursuing Resources 965.6 Conclusion: Engage with Your Ecosystem 98References 1016 Factoring in Public Policy and Perception 103Kira Matus6.1 Introduction 1036.2 Chemicals and Policy 1046.2.1 International Policies 1056.2.2 Regional Policy - The European Union 1066.2.3 National-Level Policies 1076.2.4 Policies Beneath the National Level (US) 1096.3 New Trends and Approaches 1106.3.1 The Precautionary Shift 1106.3.2 Attention to Vulnerable Populations 1116.3.3 Industry, NGOs, the Public, and Other "Governance" Actors 1126.3.4 Public Perceptions 1136.4 Conclusion: Policy as Strategic Advantage for the Sustainable Chemistry Innovator 1146.4.1 Perceptions and Opportunities 1146.4.2 Practical Actions 115Acknowledgments 115References 1157 Pre-market Approval of Chemical Substances: How New Chemical Products Are Regulated 119Richard E. Engler7.1 Introduction 1197.2 Overview 1207.3 United States 1217.3.1 Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) 1217.3.2 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1247.3.3 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) 1257.4 European Union (EU) 1287.4.1 Registration 1297.4.2 Exemptions to REACH Registration 1307.5 China 1317.5.1 Registration 1317.6 Canada 1327.7 Developing a Global Strategy 1347.8 Summary 134References 135Part III Springing into Action 1378 Navigating Supply Chains 139Tess Fennelly8.1 Introduction 1398.2 Supply Chain Complexity 1398.3 Recognizing Points of View 1418.4 Supply Chain Hurdles and Strategies to Overcome Them 1438.4.1 Incumbency: Incumbents and Legacy Suppliers Own the Supply Chain, Market Access, and Global Supply 1438.4.2 Roadblock: Adoption Must Occur at all Points in the Supply Chain in Order to Be Successful 1448.4.3 Confusion: "Green Washing," Perceptions, and Misinformation Confuses the Industry and Consumers on What Is Truly More Sustainable, Which Impacts Demand 1458.4.4 Risk Aversion: Worries of Failure Due to Poor Performance, Brand Tarnishing, Hidden Costs, and Stagnant Product Sales 1478.4.5 Decision-Makers: Sustainable Corporate Objectives vs. Operations May Not Align 1488.4.6 Supply and Demand: Concern in Committing to a Single Sourced New Technology 1498.4.7 Transparency: How to Satisfy Customer and Regulatory Demands While Protecting Intellectual Property and Trade Secrets 1498.4.8 Price/Performance: It's More Than Price per Pound; Total Cost Savings Need to Be Communicated 1518.5 Lessons Learned 152References 1529 Strategic Partnering 153Jason Clark and Shawn Jones9.1 Introduction 1539.1.1 Partnerships as a Change Driver 1539.1.2 Partnerships for Sustainable Chemical Technologies 1549.1.3 Chapter Structure 1559.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Strategic Partnering 1559.3 The Start-Up Perspective: Partnership Advantages and Disadvantages 1559.3.1 Partnership Advantages for the Start-Up 1559.3.2 Partnership Disadvantages for the Start-Up 1589.4 The Industrial Partner Perspective: Partnership Advantages and Disadvantages 1599.4.1 Partnership Advantages for the Industrial Partner 1599.4.2 Partnership Disadvantages for the Industrial Partner 1619.5 Mitigation of the Disadvantages and Risks 1639.5.1 For the Start-Up 1639.5.2 For the Industrial Partner 1639.6 Evaluating a Potential Partnership 1649.6.1 Start-Up Perspective 1649.6.2 Industrial Perspective 1659.7 Establishing the Partnership 1669.8 Executing the Partnership 1679.9 Closing the Partnership 1689.10 Case Studies 169References 17110 Bridging the Gap 1: From Eureka Moment to Validation 175Peiman Hosseini and Harish Bhaskaran10.1 Introduction 17510.2 Fundamental Research Leading to an Invention 17610.3 Proving the Concept 17810.4 The Tech Team: Moving Beyond an Academic Group 17910.5 Developing the Road Map 18010.6 Defining Your Technology Development Requirements 18210.7 The Innovation Cycle: Design, Simulate, Fabricate, Test, Iterate 18410.8 Accelerating the Process 18610.8.1 An Example in Workflow Management 18610.9 Growing and Evolving the Team 18810.10 Summary 189References 19011 Bridging the Gap 2: From Validation to Pilot Scale-Up 19111.1 Part 1: Setting the Groundwork 191James Lockhart and Andrew Ellis11.1.1 Introduction 19111.1.2 Letting Go and Obtaining External Expertise 19211.1.3 Safety Considerations 19311.1.4 Commercial Considerations 19511.1.5 Techno-Economic Assessment 19711.1.6 Conclusion 20311.2 Part 2: Building the Pilot Unit 205James Lockhart and Andrew Ellis11.2.1 Introduction 20511.2.2 Piloting and Scale-Up Basics 20511.2.3 Process and Equipment Considerations 21011.2.4 Pilot Plant Operation and Location 21511.2.5 Conclusion 21812 Raising Investment/Financing 219Matthew L. Cohen12.1 Introduction 21912.2 Main Investment Sources 22012.2.1 Grants 22012.2.2 Strategic Partnerships 22012.2.3 Equity Investment 22112.2.4 Debt 22212.2.5 Bootstrapping (Using Your Own Money) 22312.2.6 Summary 22412.3 Unique Considerations for Investing in Sustainable Chemistry 22412.3.1 Investment Drivers 22512.3.2 Investment Impediments 22712.3.3 Comparison to More Heavily Funded Areas 22912.4 Financing Considerations 23112.4.1 Trade-Offs Between Investment Types 23212.5 Best Practices to Present Your Company to an Investor 23512.5.1 Summary 23612.6 Financing Case Study: Cnano Technology 237Reference 23813 Operationalizing a Start-Up Company 239Andrew White13.1 Introduction 23913.2 Oversight Boards 24013.2.1 Advisory Board 24013.2.2 Board of Directors 24113.2.3 Building an Advisory Board 24213.2.4 Building a Board of Directors 24213.2.5 Managing the Board 24313.2.6 Compensating Boards 24313.3 Systems 24513.3.1 Human Resources Management 24513.3.2 Health and Safety Systems 24713.3.3 Financial Systems 24813.3.4 Financial Projections 25013.4 Conclusion 253Part IV Success Stories 25514 Making an Impact: Sustainable Success Stories 25714.1 CarbonCure 257Jennifer Wagner and Sean Monkman14.1.1 The Vision 25714.1.2 The Core of the Technologies 25714.1.3 Determining the Value Proposition 25814.1.4 The Commercialization Pathway 25814.1.5 Financing 25914.1.6 Development and Validation 26014.1.7 Successes 26114.1.8 Lessons Learned 262References 26214.2 Avantium 263Gert-Jan M. Gruter and Thomas B. van Aken14.2.1 Initial Technology and Business Model 26314.2.2 Change in Direction 26414.2.3 Exploring and Validating a New Opportunity 26514.2.4 Huge Challenges and Huge Advances 26614.2.5 Expanding Our Technology Portfolio 26714.2.6 Additional Strategies and Lessons Learned 26814.2.7 Summary 270References 27014.3 Hazel Technologies 271Aidan R. Mouat14.3.1 Blind Luck or Preparation? 27114.3.2 Hazel Technologies: How It Started and Where We Are Today 27214.3.3 Understanding What Our Business Really Is 27314.3.4 Targeting Value Through the Supply Chain 27414.3.5 Final Thoughts 276Index 277

O autorze

Timothy J. Clark, PhD, is the Technology Leader at GreenCentre Canada. Dr. Clark has held a variety of positions in technology commercialization and business development. He plays a key role in developing and executing integrated technology plans serving both start-up and multinational clients. Dr. Clark is an experienced organometallic and polymer chemist who has published extensively in the open and patent literature.Andrew S. Pasternak, PhD, MBA, is Director of Commercialization and Business Development at GreenCentre Canada. He has over 20 years' experience managing technical and commercial teams in both large and start-up company environments. A certified Professional Board Director, Dr. Pasternak has successfully established numerous strategic partnerships, high-margin service contracts, and licensing agreements.