Hormesis: A Revolution in Biology, Toxicology and Medicine

ISBN-13: 9781607614944 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 213 str.

Mark P. Mattson; Edward J. Calabrese

Opis

The term hormesis is de?ned as a process in which exposure to a low dose of a chemical agent or environmental factor that is damaging at higher doses induces an adaptive bene?cial effect on the cell or organism (Calabrese et al., 2007; Mattson, 2008). To survive and reproduce in harsh competitive environments, organisms and their cellular components have, through evolution, developed molecular mec- nisms to respond adaptively to various hazards or stressors that they encounter. Examples of such stressors include chemicals ingested in food and water (metals, phytochemicals, etc.), increased energy expenditure (running, ?ghting, cognitive challenges, etc.), and reduced energy availability (food scarcity), among others. In most cases, the response of the cell or organism to the stressor exhibits a biphasic dose response, with bene?cial/adaptive responses at low doses (improved fu- tion, increased resistance to damage and disease) and adverse/destructive effects (dysfunction, molecular damage, or even death) at high doses. The prevalence of the biphasic (hormetic) dose response characteristic of biological systems merits consideration of hormesis as a fundamental principle of biology."

Recenzje

From the reviews:

"'Hormesis: a revolution in biology, toxicology and medicine' is a very interesting and well- written book organized by two expressive authors in neuroscience and the health environment. ... The book is divided into 10 chapters, each written by a group of authors, describing the concept of hormesis ... . book concludes by proposing a fresh look at the modern pharmacy of natural products and man-made drugs. It is a pleasant read for anyone interested in toxicology, environmental health and pharmacology." (Tania Marcourakis, Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, May, 2010)

"This book argues that hormesis (biphasic dose-response patterns) is an underlying process at all levels of biological organization. ... The book appears to be written for risk assessors and researchers interested in dose-response relationships and cellular signaling pathways. ... Physically, the book is nicely laid out with high-quality illustrations that enhance the text. The concept of the hormetic dose-response curve is worth further study, and may well lead to advances in pharmacology and other biomedical applications." (Jennifer Gervais, Doody's Review Service, February, 2011)

Spis treści

Hormesis: What it is and Why it Matters.- Hormesis: Once Marginalized, Evidence Now Supports Hormesis as the Most Fundamental Dose Response.- The Fundamental Role of Hormesis in Evolution.- Transcriptional Mediators of Cellular Hormesis.- The Devil is in the Dose: Complexity of Receptor Systems and Responses.- Exercise-Induced Hormesis.- Dietary Energy Intake, Hormesis, and Health.- Couch Potato: The Antithesis of Hormesis.- Hormesis and Aging.- The Hormetic Pharmacy: The Future of Natural Products and Man-Made Drugs in Disease Prevention and Treatment.

O autorze

Mark P. Mattson, Ph.D. is Chief of the Laboratory of Neurosciences at the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore, where he leads a multi-faceted research team that applies cutting-edge technologies in research aimed at understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms of brain aging and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. He is also a Professor in the Department of Neuroscience at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He has published more than 450 original research articles and numerous review articles, and has edited 10 books in the areas of mechanisms of aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Dr. Mattson has trained more than 60 postdoctoral and predoctoral students who have contributed to his being the most highly cited neuroscientist in the world.

Edward J. Calabrese, Ph.D. is a Professor and Program Director of
Environmental Health Science, at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst.

His research focuses on environmental toxicology with an emphasis on biological factors including genetic and nutritional factors that enhance susceptibility to pollutant toxicity and the environmental implications of toxicological hormesis. Dr. Calabrese has researched extensively in the area of host factors affecting susceptibility to pollutants, and is the author of more than 300 papers in scholarly journals, as well as 24 books in the field of toxicology and environmental pollution. Dr. Calabrese has received numerous awards including, most recently, the prestigious Marie Curie Prize.

Blurb

Hormesis is defined as any circumstance in which exposure of a cell or organism to a low dose of a substance or condition results in an adaptive stimulatory/beneficial outcome, while exposure to a high dose results in an inhibitory / detrimental outcome. When plotted on a graph the shape of the dose response curve is biphasic, the hallmark of hormesis. This groundbreaking book "Hormesis: A Revolution in Biology, Toxicology and Medicine" describes why and how hormesis is a fundamental feature of all living systems and is based on the evolutionary principle of selection for genetic traits that confer the ability to respond adaptively to adverse environmental conditions. Using numerous specific examples the authors explain why knowledge of hormesis is important for our health, our environment, and the future of our planet. Several chapters of the book describe emerging research findings that elucidate the molecular and cellular underpinnings of the biphasic dose response/hormesis. The implications of the tapping of cellular systems that underlie hormesis for the discovery and optimization of new drugs and dietary formulations are described.

From environmental protection policy to medical practice, it is critical that leaders recognize and understand hormesis, and incorporate it into their decision making process. The authors propose that the prevention of major diseases, including diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease can be achieved using hormetic approaches. Scientists, physicians, environmental gurus and anyone interested in the science underlying biology and medicine will benefit from reading this book.

Features

• Groundbreaking coverage of an oft experienced, but poorly understood phenomenon that affects all forms of life on earth.
• Explains why the principle of hormesis is important to our health, our environment, and the future of our planet.
• Provides specific examples of biphasic dose responses and their importance for the fields of biology, medicine and environmental safety.
• Discusses how knowledge of hormesis is being applied to research aimed understanding the organization and function of biological systems.
• Illustrates how disorders such as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease result from the lack of exposure to beneficial environmental stresses.
• Considers the implications of the cellular systems that underlie hormesis for the discovery and optimization of new drugs and dietary formulations.