Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation: Fundamental and Technological Aspects of the Selective and Total Oxidation of Organic Compounds

ISBN-13: 9780471489948 / Angielski / Twarda / 2000 / 360 str.

Kieran Hodnett; B. K. Hodnett;Hodnett

Opis

This authoritative and comprehensive volume presents the essence of catalytic chemistry, describing the structure of catalysts, the technology in which they are used and the chemical transformations that occur during reaction.
Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation is a key technique used in the large-scale production of organic chemicals. This text uses catalytic oxidation to explain the principles of heterogeneous catalysis and includes descriptions of how reactants and products interact on the molecular scale with the active sites on the surface of these materials.
Following an introduction to the principles and chemistry of catalytic oxidation, Professor Hodnett uses detailed case studies which represent and illustrate the fundamentals and technology for specific aspects of heterogeneous catalytic oxidation including:
* Propene Oxidation to Acrolein
* n-Butane Oxidation to Maleic Anhydride
* Epoxidation over Silver Catalysts
* Fundamentals and Technologies of the Catalytic Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds
* Ammoxidation for the Insertion of Nitrogen into Organic Structures
* Oxidative Insertion of Chlorine into Ethylene and Catalytic Combustion of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
* Liquid Phase Oxidations with Particular Emphasis on the Use of Hydrogen Peroxide as an Oxidizing Agent

Recenzje

"...a clearly written, nicely illustrated, well–referenced book." (Chemistry in Britain, September 2000)

"Highly recommended..." (Focus on Catalyst, February 2001)

"...the author has accomplished an aggressive goal...The book is well written and will be appreciated by both the newcomer and expert in the field." (Cattech Vol. 6, No. 2, 2002)

Spis treści

Preface

1 General Introduction

1.1 Presentation of Material

1.2 The Role and Importance of Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation Processes in the Chemical Industry

References to Chapter 1

2 Introduction to Heterogeneous Catalysis

2.1 Macroscopic and Microscopic Structure of Heterogeneous Catalysts

2.2 The Five Basic Steps in Heterogeneous Catalysis

2.3 Testing of Heterogeneous Catalysts

2.4 Diffusion

2.5 Adsorption at the Gas–Solid Interface

2.6 Kinetics of Oxidation Reactions

2.7 Characterization of Oxidation Catalysts

References to Chapter 2

3 General Principles of Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation

3.1 Generic Features of Catalytic Oxidation Reactions

3.2 The Mode of Activation of the Hydrocarbon and Discriminating Capacity of Active Sites in Oxidation Catalysis

3.3 Types of Active Oxygen Species Involved in Oxidation Catalysis

3.4 Structural Features of Oxidation Catalysts

References to Chapter 3

4 Propene Oxidation to Acrolein: Allylic Oxidation over Catalysts with Highly Mobile Oxygen Anions

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Composition of Multicomponent Bismuth Molybdate Catalysts for Propene Oxidation

4.3 The Surface Allyl Species

4.4 Source of Oxygen Inserted into Propene to Form Acrolein

4.5 Oxygen Transport within Bismuth Molybdate Catalysts

4.6 The Overall Reaction Mechanism

References to Chapter 4

5 Oxidation Activation of Alkanes: Oxidation of n–butane to Maleic Arthydride

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Technologies for the Production of Maleic Anhydride

5.3 The Preparation, Structure and Performance of Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide Catalysts

5.4 Activation of n–butane

5.5 The Nature of the Active Site and the Reaction Mechanism

5.6 Conclusions

References to Chapter 5

6 Epoxidation of Alkenes: Reactivity of Electrophilie Oxygen Species

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Technology for Ethylene Oxide Production

6.3 Catalyst Composition, Structure and Performance

6.4 Reaction Kinetics and Network

6.5 The Nature of the Oxygen Species on and under the Silver Surface

6.6 Reactivity of Oxygen Species on Silver

References to Chapter 6

7 Catalytic Combustion

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Environmental Applications of Catalytic Combustion

7.3 Principles of Catalytic Combustion

7.4 Choice of Materials for the Construction of Combustion Catalysts

7.5 Poisoning of Combustion Catalysts

7.6 Reactivity of the Substrate

7.7 Kinetics of Catalytic Combustion Reactions

7.8 Nature of the Active Species of Working Precious Metal Catalysts

References to Chapter 7

8 Activation and Insertion of Nitrogen into Organic Compounds

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Technology for Propene Ammoxidation

8.3 Catalysts Used in Ammoxidation

8.4 The Ammoxidation Reaction Network

8.5 Mechanism of Nitrogen Insertion in Ammoxidation

8.6 Nitrogen Insertion in Ammoxidation

References to Chapter 8

9 Catalytic Oxidation Reactions Involving Chlorine: Oxychlorination and the Oxidative Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Vinyl Chloride by Oxychlorination

9.3 Technology for Vinyl Chloride Production

9.4 Oxychlorination Catalyst Composition, Preparation and Characterization

9.5 The Mechanism of Oxychlorination

9.6 Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons by Catalytic Oxidation

9.7 By–product Formation during the Catalytic Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

9.8 Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Dioxins and the Environment

References to Chapter 9

10 Oxidation Reactions Catalysed by Zeolites and Structured Mesoporous Materials

10.1 Zeolites

10.2 Redox Molecular Sieves

10.3 Structured Mesoporous Silicates in Oxidation Reactions

References to Chapter 10

Index

Blurb

Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation is a key technique used in the large–scale production of organic chemicals. However, the recent climate of environmental awareness has seen an increase in its use as a technique for reducing polluting emissions from chemical factories. Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation; Fundamental and Technological Aspects of the Selective and Total Oxidation of Organic Compounds presents the essence of catalytic chemistry, describing the structure of catalysts, the technology in which they are used and the chemical transformations that occur during the reaction. Including descriptions of how reactants and products interact on the molecular scale with the active sites on the surface of these materials, this text uses catalytic oxidation to explain the principles of heterogeneous catalysis. Following an introduction to the principles and chemistry of catalytic oxidation, Professor Hodnett uses detailed case studies which represent and illustrate the fundamentals and technology for specific aspects of heterogeneous catalytic oxidation, including:
∗ Propene oxidation to acrolein.
∗ n–Butane oxidation to maleic anhydride.
∗ Epoxidation over silver catalysts.
∗ Fundamentals and technologies of the catalytic destruction of volatile organic compounds.
∗ Ammoxidation for the insertion of nitrogen into organic structures.
∗ Oxidative insertion of chlorine into ethylene and catalytic combustion of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
∗ Liquid phase oxidations with particular emphasis on the use of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent.