Global Climate Change and Human Health: From Science to Practice

ISBN-13: 9781119667957 / Angielski / Miękka / 2021 / 672 str.

George Luber; Jay Lemery; Kim Knowlton

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ContentsDedicationPrefaceForeward: Climate Change and the PandemicAcknoledgementsThe EditorsThe ContributorsCommentary on COVID-19, Climate Change, and Human Health...xxiJay Lemery, Kim Knowlton, Cecilia Sorensen, and Hanna LindstadtChapter 1 Primer on Climate Science...1Christopher K. Uejio, James D. Tamerius, Yoonjung Ahn, and Elaina GonsoroskiScientific ConsensusWeather, Climate Variability, Climate Change and Scientific TheoryEnergy BalanceEvidence of a Changing ClimateProjected Future Climate ChangesAcknowledgementReferencesChapter 2 Climate Related Disasters: The Role of Prevention for Managing Health Risk...25Mark E KeimIntroductionGlobal TrendsPublic Health Impact of Climate-Related Disasters, in GeneralPublic Health Impact of Climate-Related Disasters, According to HazardManaging the Health Risk of Climate-Related DisastersSummaryReferencesChapter 3 Health Impacts of Extreme Heat...47Xiangmei (May) Wu and Rupa BasuIntroductionHeat-Triggered Health EffectsFactors Influencing Health Effects of Heat ExposureAdaptation, Mitigation, and ResilienceSummaryReferencesChapter 4 Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrologic Cycle and Waterborne Diseases...67Jan C. SemenzaChanges in Hydrology Caused by Climate ChangeWaterborne Pathogens Sensitive to Climate ChangeAdaptation StrategiesSummaryAcknowledgmentOnline ResourcesReferencesChapter 5 Degraded Air Quality...93Kim Knowlton an Vijay S. LimayeClimate Change and Air QualityAir Pollutants Affected by Climate ChangeWildfiresDroughtCoccidiomycosis and Respiratory HealthMold and FungiAir Pollution- Vulnerable PopulationsFuture Projections of Climate Change Effects on Air PollutionMitigation: Health Benefits of Reducing Carbon Pollution and Assoicated Co-Pollutant Air PollutionAdaptation: Climate Health Preparedness and Reducing Air Pollution VulnerabilityConclusionOnline ResourcesReferencesChapter 6 Potential Risks from Cyanobacterial and Algal Blooms...115J.S Metcalf and N.R. SouzaIntroductionToxic Producing Groups of AlgaeEffects of Cyanobacterial and Algal ToxinsHow Will Climate Change Affect Algal and Cyanobacterial Blooms and Toxins?Long-Term Solutions and RemediationEmerging Questions and ConclusionsReferencesChapter 7 Climate Change, Carbon Dioxide, and Public Health: The Plant Biology Perspective...131Lewis H. Ziska and Kristie L. EbiIntroductionDirect ConsequencesIndirect ConsequencesConclusionReferencesChapter 8 Climate and Its Impact on Vector-Borne Diseases...151Andrea G. Buchwald, Jada F. Garofalo, Kenneth L. Gage, Charles B. Beard, and Rosemary RochfordArbovirusesMalariaLyme Disease in the United StatesSummary and ConclusionsReferencesChapter 9 Food Systems Transformation: Toward Sustainable and Healthy Diets for All...171Cristina TiradoImpacts of Climate Change and Variability on Food Security and MalnutritionVulnerability to Climate Impacts on Food Insecurity and MalnutritionFoodborne and Waterborne Diseases and Emerging RisksIntegrated Multisectoral Adapation for MalnutritionSustainable and Healthy Food Systems and Dietary PatternsConclusionsReferencesChapter 10 Climate Change and Population Mental Health...187Salma M. Abdalla, Abdulrahman M. El-Sayed, and Sandro GaleaOverviewClimate Change Effect on Mental Health: MechanismsHigh Ambient Temperature and HeatwavesNatural DisastersForced MigrationEconomics, Geopolitics, and Violent ConflictPhsyical HealthA Disproportionate BurdenCommon Causes of Climate Change and Mental HealthConclusionReferencesChapter 11 Worker Health...203Miranda Dally and Lee S. NewmanIntroductionHazardsMigrant Workers and Climate ChangeAdaptation and ResponseWorker, Family, and Societal BurdenConclusionsReferencesChapter 12 Women's Health and Climate Change: The Impact of Gender...223Tracy A. Cushing and Cecilia J. SorensenIntroductionDirect Health Impacts of Climate Change on WomenTemperatureAir QualityClimate-Related Disasters and Forced MigrationFood InsecurityWater ScarcityInfectious Diseases and Vector-Borne IllnessThe Role of Women and Gener in Climate Change Policy and PlanningSummaryReferencesChapter 13 Climate Modeling for Health Impacts...235Kristopher B. KarnauskasGreenhouse Gases and Radiative ForcingWhat Is a Global Climate Model?Global Climate Models and Global Change ScienceSummary and Closing RemarksReferencesChapter 14 Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessments: New Approaches and Tools for Adaptation Planning...249Peter Berry, Kristie L. Ebi, Rebekka Schnitter, Louise Aubin, and Sherilee HarperIntroductionThe Role of Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments in Preparing for Climate Change Impacts on HealthMethods for Undertaking a Vulnerability and Adaptation AssessmentThe Path Forward: Lessons Learned and Opportunities for Vulnerability and Adaptation AssessmentsThe Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Climate Change and Health Vulnerability and Adaptation AssessmentsSummaryReferencesChapter 15 Climate Change Health Impact Projections: Looking into the Future...267Nikhil A. Ranadive and Jeremy J. HessA Conceptual Overview of Climate Change Health Impact Projection ModelingThe Role of GCM ProjectionsThe Role of ScenariosCharacterizations of Projected ExposuresChoosing and Quantifying Exposure-Outcome AssociationsProjecting Health Impacts of Extreme Weather EventsComparisons and the CounterfactualMerging Data Streams in the Climate Change Health Impact ModelClimate Change Health Impact Projections in the Health LiteratureCharacterization of RiskFrontiers in Climate Change Health Impact ProjectionSummaryReferencesChapter 16 Protecting Environmental Justice Communities from the Detrimental Impacts of Climate Change...289Cecilia Martinez and Nicky SheatsIntroductionClimate Resiliency and Environmental JusticeCumulative Impacts, Environmental Justice and Climate ChangeAir Quality, Environmental Justice and Climate ChangeHeat Waves, Environmental Justice and Climate ChangeExtreme Weather Events and Environmental JusticeIndigenous Rights and Climate ChangeNext StepsSummaryReferences and Further ReadingChapter 17 Climate Change Communication...307Adam Corner, Chris Shaw, Stuart Capstick, and Nick PidgeonIntroductionPublic Understanding of Climate Change and Principle of Climate Change CommunicationCommunicating the Impacts of Climate ChangeCommunicating Climate Change through a Focus on Piublic HealthSummaryReferences and Further ReadingChapter 18 International Perspective on Climate Change AdaptationKristie L. EbiIntroductionHistorical PerspectiveInternational Framework for AdaptationAssessing Adaptation Needs and OptionsNAPAs and NAPsAdaptation OptionSummaryReferencesChapter 19 Health Co-Benefits of Climate Mitigation Strategies...343Elizabeth J. Carlton, Amber S. Khan, and Justin V. RemaisIntroductionClimate MitigationEstimating the Health Co-Benefits of Climate MitigationClimate Mitigation Health Co-Benefits by SectorChallenges and ConsiderationsSummaryReferencesChapter 20 International Institutions and Global Governance on Climate Change...365Ambereen K. ShaffieIntroductionChallenges to Creating Effective Health-Climate PoliciesInternational Governance Structures Addressing Climate MitigationAn Introduction to Legal Instruments Relevant to the Health-Climate NexusClimate NegotiationsConclusionReferences and Further ReadingChapter 21 Climate Change and the Right to Health...393Alison Blaiklock, Carmel Williams, and Rhys JonesIntroductionWhat are Human Rights?What is the Right to Health?Climate Crisis Impacts on the Right to HealthUnjust DisparitiesHuman Rights-Based Approaches to the Climate CrisisSummaryReferencesChapter 22 Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction...407Virginia Murray, Debra Parkinson, and Ellen BloomerOverviewClimate-Related Disasters and Their ImpactsThe 2015 UN Landmark AgreementsThe Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk ReductionWHO's Role in the Implementation of the Sendai FrameworkRoles and Responsibilities of Health Care Professionals in Implementing the Sendai FrameworkSummaryReferencesChapter 23 Climate Change and Forced MigrationCraig Spencer, Amit Chandra, and Micaela Y. ArthurIntroductionThe Decision to MigrateClimate Change and Migration: A Geographic PerspectiveInternational Frameworks and Conventions Governing Forced Migrant ProtectionClimate Change Risks and Forced MigrationSummaryOnline ResourcesReferencesChapter 24 Valuing Climate Change Impacts on Human Health...433Allison CrimminsIntroduction: Why Do We Value the Climate Change Impacts on Human Health?Economic ValuationEconomic ModelsExmaples of Health Damage Estimates from Climate ChangeSummaryReferencesChapter 25 Health Care System Resilience...455Caitlin S. Rublee, Emilie Calvello Hynes and John M. BalbusIntroductionDefinitionsImpacts of Extreme Weather Events on Health Care SystemsNatural Systems and ResourcesInternational Frameworks for Health Care System ResilienceGreen and Resilient Health CareCase StudiesEconimics and EquityResearch NeedsSummaryReferencesChapter 26 Health Professional Climate Engagement...477Amy Collins, Shanda Demorest, and Sarah SpengemanIntroductionSocial MovementsAdvocacy within the Health Care SectorClinically Sustainable Health CareHealth Professional Leadership for Broader Social ChangeEncouraging TrendsSummaryOnline ResourcesReferencesChapter 27 Specific Impacts Upon Human Health...497Caleb Dresser and Satchit BalsariIntroductionCardiovascular DiseaseRespiratory DiseasePneumonic PlaguePulmonary HantavirusRenal DiseaseNeurologic DiseaseReproductive Health and DiseaseOcular DiseaseHematology and OncologyPsychiatric DiseaseDermatologic DiseaseGastrointestinal DiseaseEndocrine DiseaseMultisystem Heat-Related IllnessInfectious Disease, Immunology and ToxicologySummaryReferencesChapter 28 Climate Change and Loss of Biodiversity...521Richard Salkowe and Mark R. HafenIntroduction Causes and Consequences of Biodiversity LossHistorical PerspectiveBiodiversity loss in the 21st CenturyMarine and Coastal EcosystemsPolar Ocean EcosystemsCoastal EcosystemsRainforest EcosystemsDesert EcosystemsMountain EcosystemsSummaryReferencesChapter 29 Ecosystem Services...537Lydia Olander, Sara Mason, Heather Tallis, Joleah Lamb, Yuta J. Masuda and Randall KramerWhat are Ecosystem Services?How does Climate Change Affect Ecosystem Services that Have an Impact on Human Health?Ecosystem Solutions that Reduce Climate Change Impacts on Human HealthSummaryReferencesChapter 30 Climate Change and Health in Alaska...561Micah HahnIntroductionEnvironmental Change in AlaskaHow is Alaska Different from the Contiguous United States?Climate-Related Health Impacts in AlaskaOneHealthSurveillance for Climate-Related Exposures and Health Outcomes in AlaskaClimate Adaptation Planning in AlaskaNext Steps in Addressing Climate and Health in AlaskaConclusionAcknowledgementReferencesChapter 31 The Global Energy Transition and Public Health in a Changing Climate...583Hanna Linstadt, Cecilia J. Sorensen and Morgan D. BazilianIntroductionCurrent Trends in Global Energy SupplyThe Energy Transition and Climate ChangeGlobal Energy Poverty and the SDGsClean Energy Transitions and HealthConclusionReferencesLoss of Coral Reefs...591Carolyn SotkaThe Nurses Climate Challenge: A Model for Health Professional Climate Action...600Shanda DemorsetGlossaryIndex

O autorze

JAY LEMERY, MD, is Professor of Emergency Medicine and co-Director of the Climate & Health Program at the University of Colorado School of Medicine and faculty in the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health at the Colorado School of Public Health. He is the Medical Director for the National Science Foundation's Polar Research Program and a past-President of the Wilderness Medical Society.KIM KNOWLTON, DrPH, MS, is Assistant Professor of Environmental Health Sciences at the Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University; and senior scientist at the Natural Resources Defense Council in New York. She served as co-convening lead author for the human health chapter of the U.S. Third National Climate Assessment; as a member of the 2nd and 4th New York City Panel on Climate Change; and participated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's 2007 Fourth and 2013 Fifth Assessment Reports. She is a health scientist specializing in the human health impacts of climate change, particularly air pollution and extreme heat.CECILIA SORENSEN, MD, is an Emergency Medicine physician-investigator in the area of climate change and health at the University of Colorado School of Medicine and the University of Colorado School of Public Health. She has a broad range of expertise at the intersection of human health, environmental health and social justice. Her recent work has spanned domestic as well as international emergent health issues related to climate change.