Global Chemical Kinetics of Fossil Fuels: How to Model Maturation and Pyrolysis

ISBN-13: 9783319842042 / Angielski / Miękka / 2018 / 315 str.

Alan K. Burnham

Opis

This book covers the origin and chemical structure of sedimentary organic matter, how that structure relates to appropriate chemical reaction models, how to obtain reaction data uncontaminated by heat and mass transfer, and how to convert that data into global kinetic models that extrapolate over wide temperature ranges. It also shows applications for in-situ and above-ground processing of oil shale, coal and other heavy fossil fuels. It is essential reading for anyone who wants to develop and apply reliable chemical kinetic models for natural petroleum formation and fossil fuel processing and is designed for course use in petroleum systems modelling. Problem sets, examples and case studies are included to aid in teaching and learning. It presents original work and contains an extensive reanalysis of data from the literature.

Spis treści

Preface

Chapter 1. Classification and Characterization

1.1  Introduction to Fossil Organic Matter

1.2  Historical Usage of Fossil Organic Matter

1.3  Characterization Methods

1.4  The Evolution of Modern Classification Systems

Chapter 2. Introduction to Chemical Kinetics

2.1  The Activation Energy and Frequency Factor

2.2  Introduction to Conversion and Pressure Dependence

2.3  Integrating the Reaction Rate

2.4  Methods of Kinetic Analysis

2.5  Sigmoidal Reaction Models

2.6  Distributed Reactivity Models

2.7  Identifying and Fitting the Right Kinetic Model

Chapter 3. Structures of Coal, Kerogen, and Asphaltenes

3.1  Molecular Structure of Coal and Type III Kerogen

3.2  Molecular Structure of Type I and II Kerogen3.3  Molecular Structure of Asphaltenes

3.4  Relationship between Kerogen Structure and Pyrolysates

3.5  Mechanistic Models of Kerogen Decomposition

Chapter 4. Pyrolysis in Open Systems

4.1  Types of Pyrolysis Apparatus

4.2  Kerogen Pyrolysis Kinetics

4.3  Fossil Fuel Kinetics by Programmed Pyrolysis

4.4  Gas Generation Kinetics by Programmed Pyrolysis  

Chapter 5. Pyrolysis in Semi-Open Systems

5.1  Coal Pyrolysis at Elevated Pressure

5.2  Secondary Cracking of Oil and Tar

5.3  Oil Shale Pyrolysis at Elevated Pressure

Chapter 6. Pyrolysis in Closed Systems

6.1  Maturation of Coal and Evolution of Vitrinite Reflectance

6.2  Compositional Models of Type III Organic Matter Pyrolysis

6.3  Closed-System Pyrolysis of Type I and II Organic Matter

6.4  Compositional Kinetic Models of Type I and II Organic Matter Pyrolysis

6.5  High-Pressure Pyrolysis with Supercritical and Reactive Solvents

Chapter 7. Application to Fossil Fuel Processes

7.1  Petroleum Systems

7.2  Oil Shale Retorting

7.3  Coal Utilization

Index

O autorze

Alan Burnham is currently a consultant for Total E&P Research on a source rock modeling project at Stanford University, where he serves as an Adjunct Professor. He also continues in a partnership with GeoIsoChem improving Kinetics2015, a chemical kinetics analysis program. Previously, he was Chief Technology Officer for American Shale Oil, LLC, (AMSO) which had its technical headquarters in Rifle CO to test in-situ oil shale extraction technology in the Piceance Basin. Prior to becoming CTO for AMSO in 2008, Dr. Burnham worked for more than 30 years at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the areas of oil shale processing, petroleum geochemistry, laser fusion targets, large optics for the National Ignition Facility, and energetic materials. Dr. Burnham has approximately 10 patents and 250 journal articles, conference proceedings, and publicly available LLNL technical reports. He has been active in numerous professional societies, received an Outstanding Chemistry Alumni Award from Iowa State University in 2014, and won a Federal Laboratory Consortium award for excellence in technology transfer in 1990.