1. Introduction2. Characteristics of pyranone rings3. Medicinal significance of natural and synthetic pyranone based compounds4. Chemistry of isolated 2- pyranones5. Fused 2H-pyran-2-ones6. Chemistry of 2H-pyran-3(4H)-one7. Chemistry of isolated 4-pyranones8. Benzo-4H-pyran-4-ones9. Future perspective10. Conclusion