Fuel Homeostasis and the Nervous System

ISBN-13: 9781468459333 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 288 str.

Mladen Vranic; Suad Efendic;Charles H. Hollenberg

Opis

This book has a dual purpose, to review in depth the control of fuel homeostasis in the brain and the role of the nervous system in the control of fuel deposition in the body. From the methodological point of view the emphasis is on the application of advanced technologies to assess fuel transport and brain metabolism, the role of peptides in the neuroendocrine system and the response of the brain to hypoglycemia. These technologies include positron emmission tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance, immunocytochemistry, molecular biology, autoradiography. To study fuel homeostasis in the body advanced tracer methods that include modelling are set out. From the pathophysiological point of view the emphasis is on abnormalities in stress, brain metabolism in diabetes, eating and degenerative disorders. This book contains contributions from endocrinologists, physiologists, neurologists, psychoneuroendocrinOlogists, biophysicists, biochemists and experts in nutrition. This authorship represents a unique diversity of researchers who, for the first time, cover comprehensively the interaction between the nervous system and fuel homeostasis, both in health and disease. We hope this book will be an important source of information for both researchers and practicing clinicians. Mladen Vranic Suad Efendic Charles Hollenberg v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Symposium from which this volume arose (University of Toronto, June 27-28, 1990) was the first Toronto-Stockholm symposium on Perspectives in Diabetes Research. These Symposia are organized triennially by the Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto and the Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.

Spis treści

Methods to Study Fuel Homeostasis in the Brain.- The Metabolic Requirements of Functional Activity in the Human Brain: A Positron Emission Tomography Study.- High Resolution NMR Studies of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Rats and Humans.- Use of Peptide Probes to Study Brain Regulation of Glucose Metabolism.- Brain Fuel Metabolism, Regulation of Food Intake.- Measurement of Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization and Its Relation to Local Functional Activity in the Brain.- Blood-Brain Barrier Transport of Glucose, Free Fatty Acids, and Ketone Bodies.- The Blood-Brain Barrier and the Regulation of Amino Acid Uptake and Availability to Brain.- Energy and Macronutrient Intake Regulation: Independent or Interrelated Mechanisms?.- Peptide Signals in the Nervous System and Fuel Homeostasis.- Novel Peptides and Islet Function.- Relationship Between the Hypothalamus and Adipose Tissue Mass.- Neural Control of Islet Function by Norepinephrine and Sympathetic Neuropeptides.- Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Islet Hormone Secretion — Localization, Effects and Mode of Action.- Proglucagon-Derived Peptides in the Neuroendocrine System.- Effect of Stress on Glucoregulation in Physiology and Diabetes.- Neural Responses to Abnormalities in Fuel Homeostasis.- Search for the Hypoglycemia Receptor Using the Local Irrigation Approach.- Hypoglycemia, Gluconeogenesis and the Brain.- Metabolism of Glucose in the Brain of IDDM Subjects: Brain Metabolism in Diabetes.- Eating Disorders as Assessed by Cranial Computerized Tomography (CCT, dSPECT, PET).- Abnormal Brain Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease, as Measured by Positron Emission Tomography.- A Correlation Between Gene Transcriptional Activity and Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease-Affected Neocortex: Cause or Effect?.- Optic Neuropathy in the Diabetic BB-Rat.- Peripheral Nerve Repair Following ARI Treatment.