Introduction; I: Population; 1: The Fundamentals of Demography; 2: Population Structure; 3: Population in History; 4: Malthus; 5: Marx and Early Marxists; 6: Lenin and His Successors; 7: Parents versus the State; 8: Efforts to Reduce the Fertility of Less Developed Countries; 9: A State in the Desert; 10: The Abortion Controversy; II: Ethnicity; 11: Concepts of Ethnicity; 12: Political Influences on Ethnicity; 13: Europe’s Nations and Subnations; Names in Population Records: ; 15: Jews as a Race; 16: Chinese Americans and Japanese Americans; 17: Social Consequences of Religion; 18: A Closing Word