Fortschritte Der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products

ISBN-13: 9783211833117 / Angielski / Twarda / 1999 / 168 str.

W. Herz; H. Falk; G. W. Kirby

Opis

The volumes of this classic series, now referred to simply as "Zechmeister after its founder, L. Zechmeister, have appeared under the Springer Imprint ever since the series inauguration in 1938. The volumes contain contributions on various topics related to the origin, distribution, chemistry, synthesis, biochemistry, function or use of various classes of naturally occurring substances ranging from small molecules to biopolymers. Each contribution is written by a recognized authority in his field and provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the topic in question. Addressed to biologists, technologists, and chemists alike, the series can be used by the expert as a source of information and literature citations and by the non-expert as a means of orientation in a rapidly developing discipline.

Spis treści

Brassinosteroids.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Natural Occurrence and Distribution.- 3. Structures.- 4. Isolation and Purification.- 5. Analysis of Brassinosteroids.- 5.1. GC-MS Analysis.- 5.2. HPLC Analysis.- 5.3. NMR Spectroscopy.- 6. Synthesis.- 7. Biosynthesis.- 7.1. Biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus.- 7.2. Biosynthesis in Other Species.- 8. Metabolism of Brassinosteroids.- 8.1. Metabolism in Plants.- 8.2. Metabolism in Cell Cultures of Lycopersicon esculentum.- 8.3. Metabolism in Cell Cultures of Ornithopus sativus.- 9. Physiological Action.- 10. Molecular Mode of Action.- 11. Conclusions.- References.- Chemistry of the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Chemistry of Limonoids.- 2.1. Protolimonoids.- 2.2. Apo-Protolimonoids.- 2.3. Apo-Protolimonoids Derived from Loss of 4C-Atoms from the Side Chain which Possess a Hemiacetal Group.- 2.4. Limonoids with Intact Four Rings and a ?-Hydroxybutenolide Side Chain.- 2.5. Azadirone and its Natural Analogues.- 2.6. Homoazadirone Group.- 2.7. Gedunin Group.- 2.8. Vilasinin Group.- 2.9. Nimbin Group.- 2.10. Nimbolide Group.- 2.11. Nimbinene Group.- 2.12. Nimbolinin Group.- 2.13. Salannin Group.- 2.14. Azadirachtol Group.- 2.15. Meliacarpin Group.- 2.16. Meliacarpinin and Azadirachtinin Group.- 2.17. Azadirachtin Group.- 2.18. Azadirachtin.- 2.18.1. Biological Activity.- 2.18.2. Structure-Activity Relationships.- 2.18.3. Structure Determination.- 2.18.4. Chemical Reactions.- 2.18.4.1. Reaction of -OH Group.- 2.18.4.1.1. Acetylation.- 2.18.4.1.2. Silylation.- 2.18.4.1.3. Methylation.- 2.18.4.2. Hydrogenation.- 2.18.4.3. Reactions of the Enol Ether Functions.- 2.18.4.4. Saponification Reactions.- 2.18.4.5. Functional Group Chemistry of Azadirachtol.- 2.18.4.6. Oxidation Reactions.- 2.18.4.7. Functional Group Chemistry of 7-Keto Azadirachtins.- 2.18.4.8. Retro-Aldo1 Reaction.- 2.18.4.9. Skeletal Rearrangements.- 2.18.5. Synthesis.- 2.18.5.1. Synthesis of Dihydrofuranacetal Fragment ‘A’.- 2.18.5.1.1. Preparation of Prototype Coupling Fragment.- 2.18.5.2. Decalin ‘B’ Synthesis.- 2.18.5.3. Coupling of ‘A’ and ‘B’ Fragments.- 3. Other Compounds.- 3.1. Diterpenoids.- 3.2. Steroids and Other Triterpenoids.- 3.3. Phenolic Compounds.- 3.3.1. Flavonoids.- 3.3.2. Flavonoglycosides.- 3.3.3. Coumarins.- 3.3.4. Dihydrochalcone.- 3.3.5. Tannins.- 3.4. Carbohydrates and Proteins.- 3.5. Sulphur Compounds.- 3.6. Hydrocarbons, Acids and Esters.- References.- Author Index.