Fertilizer Manual

ISBN-13: 9789024731220 / Angielski / Twarda / 1985 / 363 str.

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Opis

This Fertilizer Manual was prepared by the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) as a joint project with the United Nations Industrial Development Organi zation (UNIDO). It is designed to replace the UN Fertilizer Manual published in 1967 and intended to be a reference source on fertilizer production technology and economics and fertilizer industry planning for developing countries. The aim of the new manual is to describe in clear, simple language all major fertilizer processes, their requirements, advan tages and disadvantages and to show illustrative examples of economic evaluations. The manual is organized in five parts. Part I deals with the history of fertilizers, world outlook, the role of fertilizers in agriculture, and raw materials and includes a glossary of fertilizer-related terms. Part II covers the production and transportation of ammonia and all important nitrogen fertilizers-liquids and solids. Part III deals with the characteristics of phosphate rock, production of sulfuric and phosphoric acid, and all important phosphate fertilizers, including nitrophosphates and ammonium phosphates. Part IV deals with potash fertilizers-ore mining and refining and chemical manufac ture; compound fertilizers; secondary and micronutrients; controlled-release fertilizers; and physical properties of fertilizers. Part V includes chapters on planning a fertilizer industry, pollution control, the economics of production of major fertilizer products anJ intermediates, and problems facing the world fertilizer industry."

Spis treści

One—Introduction and Background.- I. History of Chemical Fertilizers.- II. Outlook for the Fertilizer Industry (1978–2000).- III. Role of Fertilizer in Agriculture.- IV. General Concepts and Definitions.- V. Fertilizer Raw Materials and Reserves.- Two—Nitrogen Fertilizers.- VI. Production of Ammonia.- VII. Transportation and Storage of Ammonia.- VIII. Ammonium Salts, Nitric Acid, and Nitrates.- IX. Urea.- X. Production, Properties, and Use of Nitrogen Solutions and Use of Anhydrous Ammonia for Direct Application.- XI. Some Factors Influencing Choice of Nitrogen Fertilizers.- Three—Phosphate Fertilizers.- XII. Phosphate Rock and Sulfuric Acid.- XIII. Phosphoric Acid.- XIV. Fertilizers Derived from Phosphoric Acid.- XV. Nitrophosphates.- XVI. Other Phosphate Fertilizers.- XVII. Some Factors Influencing Choice of Phosphate Fertilizers.- Four—Potash and Other Fertilizers.- XVIII. Potash Fertilizers.- XIX. Compound Fertilizers.- XX. Secondary and Micronutrients.- XXI. Controlled-Release Fertilizers.- XXII. Physical and Chemical Properties of Fertilizers and Methods for Their Determination.- Five—Planning and Economics.- XXIII. Pollution Control and Other Environmental Factors.- XXIV. Planning for the Development of a Fertilizer Industry.- XXV. Economics of Fertilizer Manufacture.- XXVI. Problems Facing the World Fertilizer Industry.