Experts in Science and Society

ISBN-13: 9780306479038 / Angielski / Twarda / 2003 / 314 str.

Elke Kurz-Milcke; Gerd Gigerenzer; Elke Kurz-Milcke

Opis

In today's complex world, we have come to rely increasingly on those who have expertise in specific areas and can bring their knowledge to bear on crucial social, political and scientific questions. Taking the viewpoint that experts are consulted when there is something important at stake for an individual, a group, or society at large, Experts in Science and Society explores expertise as a relational concept. How do experts balance their commitment to science with that to society? How does a society actually determine that a person has expertise? What personal traits are valued in an expert? From where does the expert derive authority? What makes new forms of expertise emerge? These and related questions are addressed from a wide range of areas in order to be inclusive, as well as to demonstrate similarities across areas. Likewise, in order to be culturally comparative, this volume includes examples and discussions of experts in different countries and even in different time periods. The topics include the roles of political experts, scientific experts, medical experts, legal experts, and more.

Spis treści

Political Systems and the Experts They Support.- Scientists as Expert Advisors: Science Cultures Versus National Cultures?.- Experts’ Discourses as Judicial Drama or Bureaucratic Coordination: Family Debate in the United States and Germany.- The Integration of Social Science Expertise Into the Political Process: Did It Actually Happen?.- Socialist Legal Experts: A New Profession?.- Who Is Called Upon as Expert?.- Folklore Protection in Australia: Who Is Expert in Aboriginal Tradition?.- The Humane Expert: The Crisis of Modern Medicine During the Weimar Republic.- Expertise Not Wanted: The Case of the Criminal Law.- Air Pollution Control: Who Are the Experts?.- Experts, Redefined.- The Philosopher as Coach.- Who Decides the Worth of an Arm and a Leg? Assessing the Monetary Value of Nonmonetary Damage.- The Expert in a Historical Context: The Case of Venetian Politics.- Innovative Representations.- Mapping Urban Nature: Bio-Ecological Expertise and Urban Planning.- How to Improve the Diagnostic Inferences of Medical Experts.- Statistical Scientific Evidence and Expertise in the Courtroom.- The Authority of Representations.

O autorze

Gerd Gigerenzer ist der in Wissenschaftskreisen derzeit meistzitierte deutsche Psychologe. Nach Lehrtätigkeiten in Konstanz, Salzburg und Chicago ist er heute Direktor am Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung in Berlin, wo er den Bereich Adaptives Verhalten und Kognition leitet. Dort erforscht er u. a. Risikoverhalten und -kommunikation, die Natur sozialer Intelligenz und schließlich, wie Menschen mit begrenzter Zeit und begrenztem Wissen Entscheidungen treffen. Seine Forschungsarbeit ist interdisziplinär und berührt die Fachrichtungen Ökonomie, Informatik, Psychologie, Mathematik, Anthropologie und Biologie.
Er hat zahlreiche internationale Auszeichnungen erhalten, so auch den Preis der renommierten American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)