Energy Smart Appliances: Applications, Methodologies, and Challenges

ISBN-13: 9781119899426 / Angielski / Twarda / 2023

Moreno-Munoz, Antonio

Spis treści

About the Editors xvList of Contributors xviiAcknowledgments xxiIntroduction xxiiiAntonio Moreno-Munoz and Neomar Giacomini1 Demand-Side Flexibility in Smart Grids 1Antonio Moreno-Munoz and Joaquin Garrido-Zafra1.1 The Energy Sector 11.2 The Power Grid 21.3 The Smart Grid 51.4 Power Grid Flexibility 61.4.1 The Need for Flexibility 71.4.2 Sources of Flexibility 81.4.2.1 Flexible Generation 81.4.2.2 Flexible Transmission and Grid Interconnection 81.4.2.3 Control Over VRES 91.4.2.4 Energy Storage Facilities 91.4.2.5 Demand-Side Management 91.4.2.6 Other Sources of Flexibility 111.5 Power Quality, Reliability, and Resilience 121.5.1 Power Quality Disturbances 131.5.1.1 Transients 141.5.1.2 Short-Duration RMS Variation 161.5.1.3 Long-Duration RMS Variation 171.5.1.4 Imbalance 171.5.1.5 Waveform Distortion 181.5.1.6 Voltage Fluctuation 191.5.1.7 Power Frequency Variations 191.6 Economic Implications and Issues of Poor Power Quality 201.7 Internet of Things 241.8 The Relevance of Submetering 251.9 Energy Smart Appliances 26Symbols and Abbreviations 28References 292 A Deep Dive into the Smart Energy Home 35Neomar Giacomini2.1 Smart Home Ecosystem 352.2 Enabling Technologies 442.3 Limitations 462.4 A Look into a Future Anchored in the Past 512.5 Conclusion 59Symbols and Abbreviations 60Glossary 60References 613 Household Energy Demand Management 65Esther Palomar, Ignacio Bravo, and Carlos Cruz3.1 Introduction 653.2 Technical Opportunities and Challenges for DSM 673.2.1 Software Solutions 673.2.2 Hardware Platforms 693.2.3 Communication Infrastructures 703.2.4 Communication Protocols 743.2.5 Security Concerns 793.3 Pilots and Experimental Settings 823.4 Conclusions 82Symbols and Abbreviations 83Glossary 84References 864 Demand-Side Management and Demand Response 93Neyre Tekb1y1k-Ersoy4.1 Introduction 934.2 Demand Response vs. Demand-Side Management 944.3 The Need for Demand Response/Demand-Side Management 944.4 DSM Strategies 954.4.1 Energy Efficiency/Energy Conservation 954.4.2 Peak Demand Clipping 964.4.3 Demand Valley Filling 964.4.4 Load Shifting 974.4.5 Flexible Load Shaping 974.4.6 Strategic Load Growth 974.5 Demand Response Programs 984.5.1 Types of Loads: Elastic vs. Non-elastic 984.5.2 General Approaches to Demand Response 984.5.3 Smart Pricing Models for DR 994.6 Smallest Communication Subsystem Enabling DSM: HAN 1004.6.1 General Structure 1004.6.2 Enabling Communication Technologies 1014.7 Smart Metering 1024.7.1 Smart Meters vs. Conventional Meters 1024.7.2 What Should Consumers Know About the Advanced Metering Infrastructure 1044.8 Energy Usage Patterns of Households 1044.9 Energy Consumption Scheduling 1064.10 Demand Response Options for Appliances 1074.11 Bidirectional Effects of Demand Response 1084.11.1 Value of Demand Response for Balancing Renewable Energy Generation 1084.11.2 Value of Demand Response for Reducing Household Energy Expenses 1094.12 Consumer Objections and Wishes Related to Smart Appliances and Demand Response 1104.13 Costs and Benefits of Demand-Side Management 111Symbols and Abbreviations 113Glossary 114References 1145 Standardizing Demand-Side Management: The OpenADR Standard and Complementary Protocols 117Rolf Bienert5.1 History and Creation of OpenADR 1175.2 Re-development of OpenADR 2.0 1205.3 How OpenADR Works 1225.3.1 Event Service (EiEvent) 1255.3.2 Opt Service (EiOpt) 1275.3.3 Report Service (EiReport) 1285.3.4 Registration Service (EiRegister) 1285.4 Cybersecurity 1305.5 Other Standards and Their Interaction with OpenADR and Energy Smart Appliances 1315.6 Energy Market Aspects for Appliances 1395.7 Typical DR and DSM Use Cases 140Symbols and Abbreviations 143Glossary 144References 1446 Energy Smart Appliances 147Neomar Giacomini6.1 Energy Smart Appliances 1476.2 Which Appliances? 1486.3 Smart Energy Controller 1506.4 Large Home Appliances 1516.4.1 Dishwashers 1516.4.2 Dryers 1536.4.3 Grills and Smokers 1556.4.4 Hvac 1566.4.5 Microwaves 1586.4.6 Refrigerators and Freezers 1606.4.7 Stoves, Ovens, and Cooktops 1626.4.8 Washing Machines 1636.4.9 Water Heaters 1656.5 Small Appliances 1666.5.1 Coffee Machines, Blenders, Faucets, Food Processors, Mixers, and Toasters 1666.5.2 Robotic Lawn Mowers and Electric Tools 1676.6 Monitoring 1676.6.1 Energy Monitors, Haptics Sensors, Weather Sensors, and Others 1676.7 Health, Comfort, and Care 1686.7.1 Air Purifiers, Humidifiers, Health Monitors, Sleep Sensors, and Tracking Devices 1686.7.2 Cat Litter Robots, Pet Feeders, and Other Pet-Related Connected Devices 1696.7.3 Hair Dryers, Brushes, and Straighteners 1696.7.4 Treadmills, Indoor Exercise Bike, and Other Fitness Equipment 1706.7.5 Water Filtration Systems 1706.8 House Automation 1716.8.1 Blinds & Shades and Light Bulbs 1716.8.2 Garage Door Opener 1726.8.3 Sprinklers, Gardening Sensors, and Accent Lighting 1726.8.4 Smart Power Strips and Smart Power Switches 1736.8.5 Presence, Proximity, and Movement Sensors 1736.8.6 Thermostats and Temperature Sensors 1746.8.7 Vacuum Cleaners, Vacuum Robots, Mop Robots, and Power Tools 1746.9 Non-appliances 1746.9.1 Electric Cars and Motorcycles 1746.9.2 Desktop Computers 1756.9.3 Modems and Routers 1756.9.4 Power Banks, Uninterrupted Power Supplies 1766.9.5 Smartphones, Tablet Computers, Smartwatches, and Video Games 1766.10 Entertainment 1776.10.1 Aquariums 1776.10.2 Audio Systems 1776.10.3 Televisions and Streaming Receivers (Cast Feature) 1786.10.4 Virtual Assistants (Multiple Forms) 1786.10.5 Virtual Reality Goggles and Other Gadgets 1786.11 Security 1796.11.1 Alarms, Cameras, Door Locks, and Doorbell Cameras 1796.12 Conclusion 180Symbols and Abbreviations 180Glossary 181References 1817 The ETSI SAREF Ontology for Smart Applications: A Long Path of Development and Evolution 183Raúl García-Castro, Maxime Lefrançois, María Poveda-Villalón, and Laura Daniele7.1 Introduction 1837.2 IoT Ontologies for Semantic Interoperability 1847.3 The SAREF Initiative 1867.4 Specification and Design of the SAREF Ontology 1877.4.1 A Modular and Versioned Suite of Ontologies 1877.4.2 Methodology 1887.4.3 Version Control and Editing Workflow 1907.4.4 Automatization of Requirements and Quality Checks 1907.4.5 Continuous Integration and Deployment 1917.5 Overview of the SAREF Ontology 1917.5.1 Device 1937.5.2 Feature of Interest and Property 1947.5.3 Measurement 1947.5.4 Service, Function, Command, and State 1957.6 The SAREF Ontology in the Smart Home Environment 1967.6.1 Energy 1987.6.2 Water 2007.6.3 Building 2027.6.4 City 2047.6.5 Systems 2067.7 The SAREF Ontology in Use 2077.8 Lessons Learnt 2097.8.1 Specification of Ontology Requirements 2097.8.2 Stakeholder's Workshops 2107.8.3 Tool Support 2107.8.4 Ontology Modularization 2117.8.5 Ontology Patterns 2127.9 Conclusions and Future Work 212Acknowledgments 213References 2138 Scheduling of Residential Shiftable Smart Appliances by Metaheuristic Approaches 217Recep Çakmak8.1 Introduction 2178.2 Demand Response Programs in Demand-Side Management 2228.3 Time-Shiftable and Smart Appliances in Residences 2248.4 Smart Metaheuristic Algorithms 2268.4.1 BAT Algorithm 2268.4.2 Firefly Algorithm (FFA) 2288.4.3 Cuckoo Search Algorithm 2298.4.4 SOS Algorithm 2318.5 Scheduling of Time-Shiftable Appliances by Smart Metaheuristic Algorithms 232Symbols and Abbreviations 237Glossary 238References 2389 Distributed Operation of an Electric Vehicle Fleet in a Residential Area 243Alicia Triviño, Inmaculada Casaucao, and José A. Aguado9.1 Introduction 2439.2 EV Charging Stations 2469.3 EV Services 2489.3.1 Ancillary Services 2489.3.2 Domestic Services 2489.4 Dispatching Strategies for EVs 2499.4.1 Classification of EV Dispatching Strategies 2519.5 Proposed Distributed EV Dispatching Strategy 2529.6 Conclusions 259Acknowledgments 260References 26010 Electric Vehicles as Smart Appliances for Residential Energy Management 263Indradip Mitra, Zakir Rather, Angshu Nath, and Sahana Lokesh10.1 Introduction 26310.2 EV Charging Standards and Charging Protocols 26510.2.1 EV Charging Standards 26510.2.1.1 Iec 61851 26510.2.1.2 Sae J 1772 26610.2.1.3 Gb/t 20234 26710.2.2 Charging Protocols for EV Charging 26710.2.2.1 Type 1 AC Charger 26710.2.2.2 Type 2 AC Charger 26810.2.2.3 CHArge de MOve (CHAdeMO) Protocol 26810.2.2.4 Combined Charging System (CCS) 26810.2.2.5 Tesla Charging Protocol 26810.3 Communication Protocols Used in EV Ecosystem 26810.3.1 Open Charge Point Protocol 26810.3.2 Open Automated Demand Response (OpenADR) 26910.3.3 Open Smart Charging Protocol (OSCP) 26910.3.4 Ieee 2030.5 26910.3.5 Iso/iec 15118 26910.4 Residential EV Charging Infrastructure 27010.4.1 Prerequisites to Installation of EV Charge Point 27110.4.2 EV Charger Connection Requirements and Recommendations 27110.4.2.1 United Kingdom 27110.4.2.2 The Netherlands 27210.4.2.3 Germany 27510.5 Impacts of EV Charging 27510.5.1 Impact on Electricity Distribution Network 27510.5.1.1 Voltage Issues 27610.5.1.2 Increase in Peak Load 27810.5.1.3 Congestion 27810.5.1.4 Losses 27810.6 Smart Charging for Home Charging 28210.6.1 Type of Smart Charging 28310.6.2 Requirements for Smart Charging 28610.6.3 Additional Smart Charging Enablers 28710.7 Residential Smart Energy Management 28910.7.1 Unidirectional Smart Charging 28910.7.2 Vehicle-to-Home/Building 29210.7.3 Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) 29610.8 Conclusion 297List of Abbreviations 297Glossary 298References 29911 Induction Heating Appliances: Toward More Sustainable and Smart Home Appliances 301Óscar Lucía, Héctor Sarnago, Jesús Acero, and José M. Burdío11.1 Introduction to Induction Heating 30111.1.1 Induction Heating Fundamentals 30111.1.2 Induction Heating History 30411.2 Domestic Induction Heating Technology 30611.2.1 Power Electronics 30911.2.2 Electromagnetic Design 31411.2.3 Digital Control 31511.2.4 Efficiency 31811.3 Advanced Features and Connectivity 31911.3.1 High-Performance Power Electronics 31911.3.2 Advanced Control 32111.3.3 Flexible Cooking Surfaces 32211.3.4 Connectivity 32211.4 Conclusion and Future Challenges 325Symbols and Abbreviations 325References 326Index 333

O autorze

Antonio Moreno-Munoz is a Professor at the Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain, where he is the Chair of the Industrial Electronics and Instrumentation R&D Group. He received his Ph.D. and M.Sc. degrees from UNED, Spain in 1998 and 1992, respectively.Neomar Giacomini is a Senior Manager for Electronics Hardware development at Whirlpool Corporation. He is an accomplished inventor, developer, and technology aficionado who has worked in Electronics for more than 20 years developing hardware, firmware, and sensors.