Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials

ISBN-13: 9783642296475 / Twarda / 2015 / 2672 str.

Kobayashi, Shiro

Opis

Over the last few years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have been the focus of significant research attention, both from academia and industry. This sustained focus has in-turn driven the interdisciplinary field of material science research to the forefront of scientific inquiry through the creation and study of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials play an important role in the development of new materials as they can be used to influence and control physical properties and specific characteristics of other materials. Nanostructured materials that have been created include nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanoporous materials, polymer multi-layers to name a few. These are increasingly used across applications as diverse as automotive, environment, energy, catalysis, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and polymer industries. The Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials (EPN) intends to be a comprehensive reference work on this dynamic field studying nanomaterials within the context of the relationship between molecular structure and the properties of polymeric materials.

Alphabetically organized as an encyclopedic Major Reference Work, EPN will cover the subject along multiple classification axes represented by name, source, properties, function, and structures or even processes, applications and usage. The underlying themes of the encyclopedia has been carefully identified to be based not just on material-based and function-based representation but also on structure- and process-based representation. The encyclopedia will have an exclusive focus on polymeric nanomaterials (for e.g., nanoceramics, nanocomposites, quantum dots, thin films) and will be a first of its kind work to have such an organization providing an overview to the concepts, practices and applications in the field. The encyclopedia intends to cover research and development work ranging from the fundamental mechanisms used for the fabrication of polymeric nanomaterials to their advanced application across multiple industries.

Spis treści

π-Conjugated Star-Shaped Oligomers in Organic Electronics and Photonics.- Affinity Chromatographic Materials.- Aging Behavior of Elastomers.- Alkyd Resin Synthesis.- Alumina.- Aluminum Nitride.- Anionic Addition Polymerization (Fundamental).- Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization.- Antenna Effect in Dendrimers.- Application of CL/P Nanocomposites.- Applications of Block Copolymers in Thin Films: Nanopatterning.- Arborescent Graft Polymers.- As-, Sb-, Bi-Containing Polymers.- Asymmetric Polymerization.- Bio-acrylates.- Bioactive Layer-By-Layer Films to Stimulate Cell Growth and Differentiation.- Bioadhesives: Chemistry and Mode of Operation.- Bio-Based Fillers.- Bio-based Hydrocarbon Polymers.- Biobased Polymers.- Biocomposites.- Biodegradability.- Biodegradable Materials.- Biodegradable Polymers.- Biodegradation of Polymers (Bioassimilation, Biomineralization, Biodisintegration, Compost), Overview.- Biohybrid Materials.- Bioimaging Materials.- Bioinorganic Hybrid Materials.- Biomedical Elastomer.- Biomembrane as a Soft Matter.- Biopolyesters.- Biorefining (Biomass Refining).- Biosensing Materials.- Bioseparation.- Biosynthesis of Polymers.- Birefringence of Polymer.- Block Copolymer Synthesis.- Block Copolymers.- Blood-Compatible Materials.- BN Nanoceramics.- Borazine Polymers.- “Brick-and-Mortar” Composites of Platelet-Reinforced Polymers.- Calixarenes-Based Supramolecular Polymers.- Carbon Black Reinforced Elastomers.- Carbon Dioxide-Based Polymers.- Carbon Fibers.- Carbon Nanotubes Rubber Composites.- Carborane Polymers.- Cationic Addition Polymerization (Fundamental).- Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization.- Cellulose.- Cellulose Acetate.- Chain-Growth Condensation Polymerization.- Chain-Growth Copolymerization (Overview).- Charge-Transporting Polymers.- Chelating Resins.- Chemical Sensor.- Chitin and Chitosan.- Chondroitin Sulfate.-Clay Nanohybrid Materials.- Computer Simulation of Block Copolymers.- Conducting Polymers.- Conjugated Dendrimers.- Conjugated Polyelectrolytes.- Conjugated Polymer Synthesis.- Controlled Release.- Controlling Miscibility in Polymer Blends.- Controlling Performance of Filled Rubbers.- Controlling Wetting Properties of Polymers.- Coordination Polymerization (Olefin and Diene).- Coordination Polymerization (Styrene and Polar Vinyl Monomers).- Covalent Carbon Nanotube Functionalization.- Covalent Graphene Functionalization.- Cross-Linked Polymer Synthesis.- Crown Ethers-Based Supramolecular Polymers.- Cucurbiturils-Based Supramolecular Polymers.- Cyclodextrins-Based Supramolecular Polymers.- Dendrimer-Like Star Branched Polymers.- Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers in Medicine.- Dendronized Block Copolymers.- Dendronized Copolymers.- Dendronized Homopolymers.- Dental Care.- Dielectric Elastomers.- Dispersion Polymerization.- DNA as Polymer and Polyelectrolyte.- DNA-DNA Origami.- Domain Orientation in Bulk Block Copolymers.- Domain Orientation in Thin Films of Block Copolymers.- Double-Network Hydrogels: Soft and Tough IPN.- Drug and Gene Delivery Using Hyperbranched Polymers.- Dynamic Covalent PN (Polymer Nanomaterials).- Dynamic Heterogeneity in Polymer Blends.- Dynamic Mechanical Properties.- Effect of Crystallization on Morphology in Polymer Blends.- Elastomer Blends: The Role of Nanoparticles on Properties.- Electrochromic Polymers.- Electrooptic Polymer.- Electroresponsive Polymer.- Emulsion (Homo)polymerization.- Emulsion Copolymerization (Also Leading to Core-Shell Structures).- Encapsulation with Conventional Emulsion Polymerization.- Encapsulation with Miniemulsion Polymerization.- Encapsulation with the Use of Controlled Radical Polymerization.- Endohedral Metallofullerenes.- Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Polymer Layers.- Enzymatic Polymerizations.- Evaluation of χ Parameter.- Exohedral Fullerenes.- Filler Dispersion and Filler Networks.- Flory–Huggins Equation.- Flow-Induced Phase Separation in Polymer Blends.- Free Radical Addition Copolymerization.- Free-Radical Addition Polymerization (Fundamental).- Free-Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization.- Fullerene Dendrimers.- Fullerene-Based FETs.- Gas Separation Membranes.- Ge- and Sn-Containing Polymers.- GPC Column Materials.- Graft Copolymer Synthesis.- Graft Polymerization from Surface.- Graphene Nanoribbons.- Graphene Oxide.- Graphene–Rubber Nanocomposites.- Halloysite Nanotubes Rubber Composites.- Halogenated Polymers.- Heparan Sulfate.- Hetero-coagulation.- Heterographenes.- Holographic 3D Display.- Hyaluronic Acid.- Hybrids of Synthetic Polymers and Biopolymers.-Hydrogel as Low-Friction Materials.- Hyperbranched and Dendritic Polyolefins.- Hyperbranched Conjugated Polymers.- Hyperbranched Polyglycerols (Synthesis and Applications).- Inclusion Polymerization.- Inorganic Nano-fillers for Polymers.- Inorganic Polymers: Overview.- Interfacial Structures in Polymer Blends.- Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPN): Structure and Mechanical Behavior.- Ion-Containing Polymer Synthesis.- Ion-Exchange Resins.- Janus Particles.- Ladder-Type Polymers.- Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) Film.- Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH)-Based Rubber Nanocomposites.- Layered Silicate-Based Rubber Nanocomposites.- Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).- Light Scattering of Polymer Lignin.- Lignin-Based Polymers (Lignophenol, Pyronedicarboxylic Acid).- Living Anionic Addition Polymerization.- Living Cationic Addition Polymerization.- Living Radical Polymerization: Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization.- Living Radical Polymerization: Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization.- Living Radical Polymerization: Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization.- Low-Bandgap Polymers.- Macroinitiator and Macromonomer: Preparation and Application.- Magnetorheological Elastomers.- Making Polymeric Nanofilms (Grafting-to, Grafting-from, Spin Coating, Layer-by-Layer, Plasma Polymerization).- Material Laws of Rubbers.- Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Ion-Containing Polymers.- Mechanical Behavior of CL/P Nanocomposites.- Mechanical Behavior of Filled Rubbers.- Mechanical Properties and Structure of Rubber-Toughened Immiscible Blends.- Mechanochromic Polymers.- Metal Nanoparticles.- Metal Organic Framework (MOF).- Micelles and Vesicles.- Microemulsion Polymerization.-Microfiltration Membrane.- Microphase Separation (of Block Copolymers).-Microwave-Assisted Polymerizations.-Miniemulsion Polymerization.- Molecular Graphene.- Molecular Interactions (Molecular and Surface Forces).- Molecular Modeling of Elastomers.- Molecular Self-Organization.- Molecularly Imprinted Polymers.- Monomers, Oligomers, Polymers, and Macromolecules (Overview).- Morphology in Blends of Rubbery and Glassy Polymers.- Morphology in Blends of Rubbery Polymers.- Nano-/Microfabrication.- Nanodomain Structure in Block/Graft Copolymers.- Nanofiber-Reinforced Elastomers.- Nanofibers and Electrospinning.- Nano-fillers for Elastomers.- Nanofiltration Membranes.- Nanomaterials for Cosmetics.- Nanoparticles: Blood Components Interactions.- Nanoporous Polymer Filters and Membranes, Selective Filters.- Nanovesicles as Drug Delivery Vehicles: Liposomes and Polymersomes.- Natural Rubber.- New Synthetic Carbon Allotropes.- NMR on Elastomers Non-covalent Graphene Functionalization.- Non-covalent Nanotube Functionalization.- Nonlinear Optical Properties.- Nucleic Acid Medicines: The Polymer Option.- Ophthalmology.- Optical Absorption of Polymers.- Optical Information Storage.- Optical Nanofibers.- Optical Resolution Materials.- Optically Transparent Cellulose Nanofiber-Based Materials.- Order-Disorder and Order-Order Transitions.- Organic Photovoltaics.- Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials: Sol-Gel Reactions.- Organoboron Polymers.- Organocatalytic Polymerization.- Organophosphorus Polymers.- Peptide Library.- Pervaporation Membranes.- PES (Poly(ether sulfone)), Polysulfone.- PET (Poly(ethylene terephthalate)) and PTT (Poly(trimethylene terephthalate)).- PET and Other Polyester Synthesis.- Petroleum Resin.- Phase Behavior and Chemical Engineering Applications of Hyperbranched Polymers.- Phase Separation Kinetics in Polymer Blends.- Photochromic Polymers.- Photochromism.- Photoinitiated Polymerization.- Photolithography and Photoresist.- Photonic Crystal.- Photorefractive Polymer.- Photoresponsive Polymer.- pH-Responsive Polymer.- Pickering Emulsion Polymerization.- Plastic Recycle.- Poly(1,1-dichloroethylene).- Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA).- Poly(Arylene Ethynylene)s.- Poly(arylene-vinylene)s.- Poly(cyclic olefin)s.- Poly(Diene)s: Polybutadiene and Polyisoprene.- Poly(ether ketone) and Poly(ether sulfone) Synthesis.- Poly(l-Lactide).- Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).- Poly(phenylene oxide) and Poly(phenylene sulfide) Syntheses.- Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and Other Fluorine-Containing Polymers.- Poly(thiophene)s.- Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA).- Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC).- Polyacetylenes.- Polyacrylonitrile (PAN).- Polyamide Syntheses.- Polyamines.- Polyanhydride Synthesis.- Polyaniline.- Polyaryletherketone.- Polycarbazoles.- Polycarbonate Synthesis.- Polycatenanes.- Polyelectrolytes for Batteries.- Polyetherimide Polyethers.- Polyethylene (PE; Low Density and High Density).- Polyfluorenes.- Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS).- Polyimide Synthesis.- Polyisocyanides, Polyisocyanates.- Polymer Brushes.- Polymer Catalysts.- Polymer Colloids with Focus on Nonspherical Particles.- Polymer Films for Packaging.- Polymer Flocculants.- Polymer Lasers and Optical Amplifiers.- Polymer Optical Fiber.- Polymer Reagents.- Polymer Surfactant.- Polymer Synthesis via Click Reactions.- Polymer Vesicles.- Polymer-Based Sensors.- Polymeric Coatings to Fight Biofouling.- Polymeric Drugs.- Polymeric Micelles.- Polymerization of Substituted Acetylenes.- Polymerization of α-Amino Acid N-Carboxy Anhydride.- Polymerization Reactions (Overview).- Polymers for Charge Storage.- Polymers for Fuel Cells.- Polymers for Nonlinear Optics.- Polymers for Organic Spintronics.- Polymers for Solar Cells.- Polymers for Transistors.- Polymers from Plant Oils.- Polymers with Large Spin-Orbit Coupling.- Polyphenylenes.- Polypropylene.- Polyrotaxanes (Conjugated).- Polyrotaxanes: Synthesis, Structure, and Chemical Properties.- Polysilanes.- Polysiloxanes.- Polystyrene (PSt).- Polyurethane Synthesis.- POM (Polyoxymethylenes), Polyacetals.- Precipitation Polymerization.- Proteins as Polymers and Polyelectrolytes.- Pullulan.- Rapid Nanoparticle-Polymer Composites Prototyping by Laser Ablation in Liquids.- Refractive Index.- Reverse Osmosis Membranes.- Rheological Behavior and Rubber Processing.- Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization.- RNA as a Nanomaterial.- Rodlike Micelles.- Rubber Friction.- Rubber Nanocomposites.- Self-Assembled Monolayer.- Self-Assembly of Hyperbranched Polymers.- Self-Consistent Field Theory.- Self-Decomposing Dendrimers.- Self-Healing Polymers.- Silica.- Silica Reinforcement.- Silk Fibroin.- Smart Materials.- Star Polymers as Biofunctional Coatings.- Star Polymers as Unimolecular Containers.- Starch and Dextran.- Statistical Thermodynamics of Polymeric Networks.- Step Polyaddition Polymerizations, an Overview.- Stereocomplexed Polylactides.- Stereospecific Polymerization.- Stimuli-Responsive Bioconjugate.- Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Films.- Stimuli-Responsive Polymers.- Structure of Liquid Crystal Display.- Structures in CL/P Nanocomposites.- Structures in Filled Rubbers.- Structures in Ion-Containing Polymers.- Superabsorbent Polymers.- Supramolecular Catalysis.- Supramolecular Hydrogels.- Supramolecular Network Polymers.- Supramolecular Polymers (Coordination Bonds).- Supramolecular Polymers (for Organic Electronics and Optoelectronics).- Supramolecular Polymers (Host-Guest Interactions).- Supramolecular Polymers (Hydrogen Bonds).- Surface Active Nanoparticles for Interfacial Catalysis.- Surfactant Assemblies (Micelles, Vesicles, Emulsions, Films, etc.), an Overview.- Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Linear-Dendritic Hybrid Polymers.- Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers.- Synthesis of Star Polymers.- Synthetic Rubbers.- Telechelic Polymer: Preparation and Application.- Template Polymerization (Molecular Templating).- Templating Polymerization (on Particles and Organized Matter).- Thermoelasticity of Rubbers.- Thermoelectric Polymers.- Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEs) and Thermoplastic Vulcanizates (TPVs).- Thermoresponsive Polymers.- Titania.- Topological Gels.- Transferred Graphene.- Transition Metal Containing Polymers.- Urushi-poly(phenol).- Vaccine.- Vinyl Polymers.- Viscoelastic Relaxation and Morphology of Blends of Rubbery Polymers.-Viscoelastic Relaxation of Block Copolymers.- Viscoelastic Relaxation of Miscible Blends.-Vulcanization.- Water Glass.- Wear and Abrasion of Tires.- Ziegler-Natta Polymerization.- Zirconia.

O autorze

Shiro Kobayashi, Distinguished Professor at the R&D Center for Bio-based Materials at the Kyoto Institute of Technology and Emeritus at the Kyoto University is a series editor of Springer’s book series Advances in Polymer Science. As an outstanding contributor to research in polymer chemistry Kobayashi has received several honors including the medal with Purple Ribbon from the Emperor of Japan. His current research focuses on new methodologies in polymer synthesis with a special focus on enzymatic polymerization and identifying new polymer materials.  Kobayashi received his Ph.D from Kyoto University and did postdoctoral work with Nobel laureate George Olah.

Klaus Müllen is professor and director of the Max-Planck Institute of Polymer Reseasrch in Mainz, Germany. His Ph.D. degree was granted by the University of Basel, Switzerland, in 1972 where he undertook research with Professor F. Gerson on twisted pi-systems and EPR spectroscopic properties of the corresponding radical anions. In 1972 he joined the group of Professor J.F.M. Oth at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich where he worked in the field of dynamic NMR spectroscopy and electrochemistry. He received his habilitation from the ETH Zurich in 1977 and was appointed Privatdozent. In 1979 he became a Professor in the Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, and accepted an offer of a chair in Organic Chemistry at the University of Mainz in 1983. He received a call to the University of Göttingen in 1988.
Klaus Müllen is Associate Editor of the Journal of the American Chemical Society and Editor for Polymer Bulletin. He received many awards and positions.